tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57175784607890801792024-03-13T12:40:37.906-07:00Leadership essayJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.comBlogger236125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-88687556208853211242020-08-28T03:46:00.001-07:002020-08-28T03:46:09.267-07:00Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton 1783-1800 Essay Example for FreeThomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton 1783-1800 Essay The post-progressive war time of the Unites States saw the foundation of the main party framework and an extending hole in perspectives between the affluent and the normal man. One may contend that an ideological group creates in light of a progression of dubious issues yet by and large the conflicting perspectives on Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over issues identified with perspectives on government, the job of government and social way of thinking in outside and household undertakings, were fundamentally liable for forming the ascent of ideological groups from 1783-1800. Initially dreaded by the ancestors, the ascent of ideological groups rose up out of exceptional ideological battles diagrams of government between two political pioneers imperative to President Washingtonââ¬â¢s Cabinet, Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. Alexander Hamilton applied the most impact inside the recently developing Federalist Party. He accepted that lone an edified decision class could create a solid, steady and compelling central government. The administration thusly required the help of rich men and the advancement of assembling premiums. Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans protected more the privileges of the regular man and an agrarian culture with restricted force from the government. His fundamental guideline was grounded in a conviction that the individuals had a more legit and uninvolved impact in governmental issues than the well off. The Republican Party pulled in a greater amount of the average citize ns while the Federalist Party drew support from the nobility. Albeit neither one of the sides was happy to admit to it, these organizations were known as the primary party framework. The two gatherings position on who ought to have more influence in the administration added to the to a great extent various perspectives on the normal man and the well off man. Hamilton and Jeffersonââ¬â¢s contrasts in social way of thinking over the understanding of the Constitution and the foundation of a national bank additionally reinforced the ascent of set up ideological groups. Federalists required the national obligation to be supported and wanted to make an enormous national bank credited by rich men. Hamilton protected it in an arrangement introduced to Congress by asserting the general idea of the Constitution took into consideration enterprises to help with completing by ââ¬Å"all meansâ⬠important that which is required to do the obligations of government. Whenever allowed, this vein of thinking introduced an expansive understanding of the Co nstitution, one that depended upon the ââ¬Å"elastic clauseâ⬠to legitimize what is consideredâ ââ¬Å"necessary and properâ⬠. Jefferson and the Republicans felt the bank was unlawful and his assessment on the Constitutionality of a National Bank (1791) required an exacting or strict understanding that drew upon a way of thinking of government that expressed forces not appointed had a place, or better, are saved, for the individuals and the states. This incorporated the joining of a bank which isn't a designated power given to government in the Constitution. Hamiltonââ¬â¢s answer can be found in a letter to George Washington that contended for a wide understanding of the Constitution because it provided for the legislature assigned and suggested powers. Generally, all forces considered ââ¬Å"necessary and properâ⬠for the satisfaction of assigned obligations are established, similar to the joining of a bank. This got known as the versatile condition and would be applied in later discussions over protected translation. The two gatherings response to the Constitutionality of a national bank show their differentiating convictions in how the Constitution was to be deciphered. Ending up being a significant purpose of conflict between the creating sides, Federalists additionally required an extract assessment to be put on distillers of liquor. The Whiskey Rebellion was the inescapable outcome of the establishment of this duty. Hamilton contended in his endeavors to smother the Whiskey Boys that the individuals, in sanctioning the Cons titution, had enabled the focal government to burden to take care of obligations and accommodating the nationââ¬â¢s safeguard. Since the Constitution had not been changed in opposition to those forces Hamilton accepted that President Washington had been legitimized in demanding the assessment and the Whiskey Rebellion was in this way an unjustified resistance that should have been put somewhere near the focal government. The Republicans, exceptionally dubious of tax collection as the American pilgrims had once been, didn't accept the extract expense to be established and praised the Whiskey Rebellion as a demonstration of ensuring rights against a harsh government activity. The individuals must be the defend of the new Republic. The Federalist political animation Mad Tom in a Rage depicted Thomas Jefferson as an alcohol splashed rebel helped by the fiend so as to cut the administration down. The responses to the Whiskey Rebellion reflect how the Federalists and Republicans varied in their translation of the Constitution. In social way of thinking, the two legislators explained their partyââ¬â¢s contradiction over international strategy concerns with respect to the ââ¬Å"revolutionâ⬠in France. When the French Revolution developed to its most extreme pinnacle the Federalists responded with ghastliness as residents toppled the gentry. In propelling the New Ship of State Hamilton said he didn't consider the To be Revolution as practically identical to the American Revolution and questioned if a ââ¬Å"free and great governmentâ⬠was probably going to result from the war in France. Thomas Jeffersonââ¬â¢s reaction was to stretch the likely result of the Revolution, how it would profit the entire of humanity, which means the regular man, and how this outcome must be won with the spilling of blood, in this way legitimizing the abundances of brutality for the sake of republicanism. Numerous Republicans even imitated French Jacobins in dress and in talking. As strain in Europe developed Federalists supported a partnership with Great Britain while Republicans for the most part preferred a more noteworthy union to the French. Jayââ¬â¢s Treaty was for the most part observed as a Hamiltonian move to improve the probability of a political relationship with Britain more than one with France. The contrast between the Federalist and Republican social ways of thinking in regards to outside relations is most effortlessly observed among Hamilton and Jeffersonââ¬â¢s various responses to the French Revolution. At the point when the Federalists attempted to quietness the Republican restriction the outcome was the immensely disagreeable Alien and Sedition Acts went under the Federalist administration of John Adams. The Alien Act requested all outsiders thought about perilous to leave the United States. Subsequently numerous Republicans discovered quite a bit of its help developed inside the country. The Sedition Act Read That if any individual w ill compose, print, express, or publish.scandalous and malevolent works against the administration of the United Statessuch individual will be rebuffed. The Sedition Act indicted ten men the vast majority of whom were Republicans news editors censuring the Federal government. The Republicans deciphered these laws as an endeavor to crush them and abuse the standards of free discourse. They retaliated with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. The Virginia Resolution brought up how the Acts disregarded the privileges of free discourse ensured in the Constitution. Jeffersonââ¬â¢s Kentucky Resolution contended the stateââ¬â¢s reduced (or stateââ¬â¢s right) hypothesis that demonstrations by the focal government could be invalidated by the sovereign states whenever regarded illegal as the Resolution so considered the Alien and Sedition Acts. The goals invalidated the laws and added to the ascent of Republicanism and the fall of Federalism. The questionable issue contributed to a great extent to the Federalist partyââ¬â¢s rout inâ the presidential appointment of 1800. The varying conclusions on how the legislature in the post-Revolutionary war period ought to be run at last made the first ascent in quite a while. The Federalist faith in an administration run by rich men and restricting Republican help for an agrarian culture split the nationsââ¬â¢ individuals on the side of a legislature generally gainful to them. Varying responses to the French Revolution demonstrated the particular contrast in Federalist and Republican over inter national strategy. The National Bank and the extract charge on alcohol uncovered contrasting perspectives on how carefully the Constitution ought to be deciphered and the Alien and Sedition Acts uncover an endeavor of one gathering to break up another. The differentiating perspectives on Hamiltonââ¬â¢s Federalism and Jeffersonââ¬â¢s Republicanism were a definitive supporters of parting the country on perspectives on government and setting up the main ideological groups. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-48516032223670269842020-08-22T14:14:00.001-07:002020-08-22T14:14:40.908-07:00Course Project 5 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsCourse Project 5 - Case Study Example Todayââ¬â¢s tempestuous monetary conditions settle on it hard settle on organized choices and long haul arranging; data is the most required resource for associations who need to have the option to react momentarily to changing elements and small scale blogging sites like twitter are rapidly turning into the quickest wellsprings of news there are-giving moment and pertinent updates. Answer 2. Twitter is a worldwide stage which is gotten to by individuals everywhere throughout the world. It is a free and extremely well known internet based life webpage and can be important for worldwide associations who need to convey on a successive premise and in an individual manner with their workers. With the ââ¬Ëtweetsââ¬â¢, the association can share news and any important data; if the workers are bought in to the channel, they will get those tweets on their landing page with no requirement for a conventional correspondence process. With things like retweeting and answering back, the workers living in any land area can straightforwardly converse with organization and in light of the straightforwardness of the stage can even get remarks or start a conversation with different representatives. The network gave lets representatives talk about tasks and systems in a casual manner. The utilization of silliness which is widespread on Twitter changes the tone of the discussion, giving everybody a similar measure of conversational power and may help conquer hindrances of social contrasts as you simply have 140 characters to come to your meaningful conclusion. This prompts a progressively cooperative condition and better thought age, affecting the general activities. Answer 3. The moment availability permitted by twitter can be used by Project Managers viably to stay in contact with their representatives. A committed venture twitter profile can be refreshed with news, significant data or used to speak with workers on a quick premise. It can likewise end up being a decent gathering to share about any misfortunes or achievements Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-22626280998857231442020-08-21T11:56:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:56:36.270-07:00Martin Luther King Essays (2097 words) - Anglican SaintsMartin Luther King A Discussion and Analysis Of a portion of his Contributions As Well as their Social, Political and Economic Impacts. Since the Thirteen Colonies originally joined together, the United States has had one of the most grounded economies on the planet. Throughout the years, numerous scholars have had changing suppositions concerning the purpose behind this current country's solid financial standing. One explanation that has regularly been ignored is that a large number of this country's laborers have been affected by the Protestant hard working attitude. The reasoning behind this hard working attitude has driven numerous specialists to achieve as much as conceivable at their employments during their lifetimes. In the event that one man were to be given credit for the advancement of the Protestant hard working attitude it would need to be Martin Luther. Over the span of the following a few pages this scientist will inspect the ethic that has had such an extraordinary effect on the United State's economy what's more, on the economies of different countries. It has been proposed by such journalists as Weber and Smith that the Protestant hard working attitude initially created around the word calling. Basically, this term has a strict implication which is a task set by God. Be that as it may, steadily this term was extended to where it secured a large number of man's exercises. During the Protestant Reformation, the term calling began to take on another importance. Satisfying one's obligation in common issues turned into an errand of outrageous significance. bit by bit, satisfying one's obligation was significant as well as it turned into the ethical commitment of each individual (the most noteworthy type of good action). Prior to the Reformation, the Catholic Church didn't accept that ordinary world exercises had a strict centrality. Because of Luther these world exercises were very significant in clinging to God's desires. Instead of give one's life to adoring God through petition, and as opposed to giving up every common great to follow Christ, the Protestants accepted that the undertaking of each individual is to satisfy (to the best of his/her capacity) their assignments on earth. This extraordinary origination of the word calling was created by Luther during his first dynamic decade as a reformer. From the outset he accepted, in the same way as other different scholars, that ordinary world exercises were exercises of the substance. Despite the fact that these exercises were willed by God, they were in any case ethically nonpartisan. Be that as it may, steadily Luther started to challenge the life of the priests. He scrutinized them as driving a life without esteem as a methods for defense before God, yet he moreover views its renunciation of the obligations of this world as a result of self-centeredness, pulling back from fleeting commitments. This was in direct differentiation to the regular works of man. These common exercises were outward articulations of man's affection for other people and for God. In this manner, as per Luther, the best way to satisfy the hopes God has for us is to satisfy our common obligations. A significant point that Luther makes in reference to reasons for living is that each calling has a similar worth according to God. The impact of the Reconstruction that was started by Luther was that common work was given strict authorization. This stands contradicted to the Catholic convention which didn't give such common issues any ethical accentuation. Luther expressed that individuals may achieve salvation in any social status. it didn't make a difference what an individual did during their lifetime as long as they filled in as hard as could be expected under the circumstances. In difficult work and devotion to one's calling, salvation could be accomplished. Prior to Luther declared these convictions, individuals put little accentuation on the day by day undertakings they needed to finish. Employments had small significance aside from that they set bread on the table to eat. Be that as it may, with Luther's idea of the calling individuals presently had an ethical motivations to fill in as hard as possible. The occupations of individuals were given strict authorization and this lead to laborers endeavoring to accomplish more in their employments. Consequently, there can be no uncertainty that Luther changed the mentalities of individuals toward their jobs in the public eye. Individuals put another accentuation on their work jobs. In the accompanying pages the impact this had on the economy will be analyzed. The Foundation of Capitalistic Thought because of Luther putting such accentuation on an individual's calling, individuals started to invest wholeheartedly in their work. Rather than setting the entirety of one's accentuation on strict issues, individuals started to consider gaining a living in the most ideal manner conceivable so as to serve God. Luther ingrained in these individuals the idea that Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-17817976960946148562020-05-26T14:36:00.001-07:002020-05-26T14:36:04.347-07:00Get the Scoop on College Essays Prof Readers Services on Line Before Youre Too LateGet the Scoop on College Essays Prof Readers Services on Line Before You're Too Late The Battle Over College Essays Prof Readers Services on Line and How to Win It Most likely possibly the most gifted authors find it impossible to start to observe the clients' minds you will need to get detailed in your instructions and inform them exactly the factor you are going to need if you would love by having an outstanding academic paper delivered employing the deadline. Our writers are highly competent so it is possible to place your order for any kind of custom essay with no hesitation. 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Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-70086483557580311032020-05-15T21:11:00.001-07:002020-05-15T21:11:09.071-07:00Psychology Positive And Negative Psychology - 955 Words Positive Psychology We often think of psychology with a negative connotation. A reason for this is that for many years, psychologists focused more on the negative side of psychology. This part of psychology deals with peoplesââ¬â¢ symptoms, wounds, disorders, and trauma (Morgan Nemec, 2013). This changed in 2000 when psychologist Martin Seligman founded the science of positive psychology (Schueller Parks, 2014). Although certain aspects of positive psychology were studied long before the branch was established, they were much less of a focus when compared to its negative counterparts (Morgan Nemec, 2013). Positive psychology strives to understand ââ¬Å"the positive side of human functioning, expanding research on positive behaviors, cognitions, emotions, and character traits (Schueller Parks, 2014) Positive psychology can be used as a self-help method or can be used in professional psychiatric rehabilitation. When used as self-help, resources are provided directly to the individual and no expert assistance is involved. Although this method has proved useful for some, its downfall is that is not often based on ââ¬Å"scientifically supported principlesâ⬠(Schueller Parks, 2014). This in turn requires patrons to sort through the given material to find the material that is actually based on scientific principles. While this process might work for some, others often need more guidance and direction than self- help methods can provide (Schueller Parks, 2014). When professionalShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Positive And Negative Psychology1645 Words à |à 7 PagesPositive psychology, is a new field of psychology that draw heavily on humanist influences. This area of psychology places its focus on understanding how to enhance our lives by studying what produces our happiness through the use of scientific methods to understand how this affects us leading healthy, happy and successful lives. Through the belief that society would like to lead meaningful and rewarding lives th e goal of positive psychology is to, in addition the other fields of psychology, accompanyRead MorePositive And Negative Impacts Of Social Psychology1404 Words à |à 6 PagesSocial Psychology is defined as ââ¬Å"a subfield in psychology that focuses on social interaction between people, how people influence and are influenced by others, and the relationship between the individualââ¬â¢s behaviors/cognitions and that of others in a groupâ⬠(Robertson, 2002-2015). 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(Feldman, 2010) This paper will briefly discuss the behavioral perspective, some research methods in the field of psychology, positive and negative components associated with clinica l psychology, and different controversies and ways to overcome theseRead MorePositive Psychology And Cognitive Behavior Therapy1520 Words à |à 7 PagesThis aim of this essay is to provide an overview of Positive Psychology and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Strengths and weaknesses of both models are presented, as well has a discussion on areas where they are similar and different. Essay also highlights that whilst one model may be more suitable given the clients psychological state, the models may be utilized individually or complementing each other. Positive Psychology (PS) Positive Psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worthRead MorePositive Psychology Can Not Make Us Happier887 Words à |à 4 PagesPositive Psychology Cannot Make Us Happier The question of whether individuals can create their own happiness without the aid of external influences has been raised and researched. However, the answer to the question is unclear. Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that supports the theory that an individualââ¬â¢s happiness is under their personal control, independent of any external influences or validation. Consequently, researchers have uncovered evidence that provides mixed results regardingRead MoreSimilarities Between Positive Psychology and Coaching Psychology1278 Words à |à 5 PagesPositive Psychology and Coaching Psychology: Positive psychology and coaching psychology have certain similarities with regards to their development as responses to the status quo of the field. The status quo was deficit-based, pathology-focused, and based on essential assumptions regarding human nature. These fundamental assumptions were largely less than positive, especially when examined from a rational perspective. As responses to the status quo, positive psychology and coaching psychology areRead MoreCarol Rogers Influence in Psychology1264 Words à |à 6 PagesInfluence on Modern Psychology Introduction Carl Rogers is considered the founder of client-centered therapy, which asserts that childhood experiences affect an individualââ¬â¢s feelings, thoughts, and behavior (Rathus, 2004). The therapist must see the world from that of the client to be effective in treatment. Rogers has influenced many psychological theories and therapies present today, especially positive psychology. Despite this fact, many who practice positive psychology do not, or are not Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-65147071465213350462020-05-06T17:06:00.001-07:002020-05-06T17:06:03.588-07:00Eastern Vs Western Medicine Essay - 1308 Words Eastern vs Western Medicine When the average American catches a cold, they head to their doctor who assesses their condition and prescribes medication to help alleviate their symptoms. The patient then heads to the pharmacy, gets their medicine, starts a course of treatment, and eventually feels better. That is the average cycle of treatment in our society. Someone suffering from a headache will take a painkiller; for a cough, cough syrup; and for a stuffy nose, a decongestant. In the western part of the world, illness is treated with medicine, or more specifically, scientific medicine. At the core of modern western medicine is Germ Theory, which states that certain microorganisms can cause disease (Ritter Graham, 2017). If someoneâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦According to Dr. Tan, Dr. Fuzun, and Dr. Akà §ay, out of the 499 patients using CAM, 13% did not see a significant difference in their health while 87% did see an improvement in their health status. The most preferred CAM th erapy was the use of herbs (2004). Many CAM therapies stem from the practices of traditional eastern medicine and can be used with or instead of western treatments. In a study conducted about male fertility in China, patients that underwent acupuncture showed an increase in sperm count, motility, and viability (Xiao-Ke, 2013). These studies displayed results from treatments based on eastern medicine techniques. Due to the nature of eastern medicine compared to western medicine, sometimes it can be difficult to collect tangible data on the results of eastern medicine. CAMs help solve this problem because their results can be monitored in a way that is similar to the way results of western medicine treatments are monitored. There are still many people on both sides of the spectrum that are skeptical about treatment methods that differ from what they are used to. The validity of an herbal healer in the western world is more likely to be questioned than that of a medical doctor; while in the east, families may have been seeing a healer for decades and are more likely to question the validity of a doctor practicing westernShow MoreRelatedAcupuncture Is A Therapeutic Technique Of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( Tcm )2153 Words à |à 9 PagesIntroduction Acupuncture is a therapeutic technique of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which involves ââ¬Å"the implantation of needles to different depths at a great variety of points on the surface of the human bodyâ⬠, in order to ââ¬Å"stimulate deep-lying nerve-endingsâ⬠and regulate ââ¬Å"the circulation of qi and blood round the body â⬠(Lu Needham, 2002:1). The history of acupuncture can be traced back to the Stone Age according to archaeological discoveries and the earliest available records of its principlesRead MoreIndian Hindu Epics Mahabharata And Ramayana1537 Words à |à 7 Pagesculture or way of living and as narrow as a religious identity has found its way to generations through literature. Literature, especially Indian, has its crux implanted in the Hindu beliefs and ideas as the Indian way of life is the Hindu way. The essay basically focuses on the way Hinduism has crept into literary writings. It brings out the ways in which Hindu beliefs and ideas find their everlasting journey to nourish literature and humans on the ideal and the good. Symbolic writings have been aRead MoreChina a Threat to Indian Industry?1765 Words à |à 8 PagesAre Chinese products a threat to INDIAN Industries 1) Are Japanese products a threat to US industries? 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During the early middle ages, which were roughly from 400AD to 900 AD, the Western Christian experienced stagnation in the area of science, due in part to the restructuring of lands and kingdoms due to the power struggle that Western Christian nations were experiencing which unfortunately resulted in a decline in formal education outside of monasteries. James Hannan notes in his essay Medieval Science, the Church and Universities ââ¬Å"During the Middle Ages, the education infrastructureRead MoreCountry Notebook Essay12249 Words à |à 49 PagesInc. (MPI) is a U.S. firm founded in 1998 by a small group of medical and scientific research professionals. The firm is unusual in that its product line is aimed at two specific but unrelated markets: prenatal and postnatal care and geriatric medicin e. The firm is now trying to export the companyââ¬â¢s product, specifically LactAbound, which is a diet supplement for the prenatal market that helps mothers produce healthier milk, to South Korea. II. Brief discussion ofRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words à |à 99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technologyRead MoreRisk Pooling in Health Care Finance18578 Words à |à 75 Pageson education and higher workforce productivity). 3 Approaches to Risk Pooling The nature of the risk pooling arrangements is a matter of policy choice, which will be heavily influenced by a nationââ¬â¢s circumstances and its policy priorities. In western European countries risk pools are frequently entire regions or nations, reflecting the equity objective of securing universal coverage, often referred to as the solidarity principle. In the US risk pools are more heterogeneous, being based on factorsRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words à |à 209 PagesLecture on Alchemy by Terence McKenna On the Moon and the Lunar Mansions IV. Extracts on the Moon V. The Mansions of the Moon: ââ¬Å"On the Creation, Proportion and Composition of the Heavens for the Fashioning of Imagesâ⬠VI. The Picatrix: Lunar Mansions in Western Astrology VII. W. B. Yeats and ââ¬Å"A Vision:â⬠The Arab Mansions of the Moon On Ritual and Talismans Picatrix Astrological Magic Aphorisms Extracts on Planetary Ritual Clothing Twenty Two Benefic Astrological Talismans Astrology, Magical Talismans and Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-34450824202146221702020-05-05T20:36:00.001-07:002020-05-05T20:36:23.607-07:00Essay about Islamophobia Muslims and Terrorism Example For Students Essay about Islamophobia: Muslims and Terrorism After 9/11 has induced negative attitudes towards Muslim peoples who tend to be strongly associated with any act of terrorism. The media has played a colossal role in developing such negative association wherein it constantly portrays Muslim people in combination with violent terrorist acts. It does so in a way that they both go hand-and-hand. In other words, it has made it as though the Islamic religion is synonymous with terrorism. The media has perpetuated Muslim stereotypes over the years that followed the 9/11 incident. Because of this, society has developed, and still has developed, this prejudiced mindset about the Islamic religion and the Muslim communities around the world. People immediately assume that any violent act being depicted through the media is the direct result of Muslims. They automatically generate this idea that the act was performed by a Muslim terrorist even when they were not involved whatsoever. Regardless of whether it was true or not, Islamic religion an d its Muslim adherents are at the top of societiesââ¬â¢ agenda just waiting for the evidence to be generated so that they can then safely blame them for such world affairs. Again, this has led to the attack on the Islamic religion itself wherein people have come to postulate Islam as an act of oppression, violence and hatred towards non-Muslims. Anti-Muslim sentiments and campaigns have resulted from such misinformation the media has been generating and feeding its viewers. Islamophobia has become a new topic of interest among social sciences, political leaders and media commentators. People amongst society have developed this phobia towards Islamic religion and people. It has become a novel ââ¬Å"form of racism in Europe and American based on discrimination towards Islam and Muslimsâ⬠(Talal, n.d., p. 6). The term Islamophobia was coined by the Runnymede Trust that is based in the UK in order to describe two forms of racism (Talal, n.d.). On the one hand, it describes differences in the Muslimsââ¬â¢ physical appearance in comparison to other religions, such as Christianity. The second form of racism it describes is based on their religious and cultural belief systems that have come to be viewed as intolerable by Western and European cultures. As previously mentioned, they are perceived as oppressive towards women and non-Muslims in general. This widespread of Islamophobia has resulted in political and religious leaders and media commentators t o ââ¬Å"engage in a form of hate speech, asserting with impunity what would have never appear in mainstream broadcast or print media about Jews, Christians and established ethnic and racial groups in Americaâ⬠(Talal, n.d., p. 9). Therefore, Islamophobia is a serious problem that needs to be examined more carefully because it is a form of racism and discrimination not only towards the Islamic religion but also towards their cultural identity, their way of being. The host of The Savage Nation, Michael Savage, once articulated that The largest percentage of Americans would like to see a nuclear weapon dropped on a major Arab capital. They donââ¬â¢t even care which oneâ⬠¦ I think these people need to be forcibly converted to Christianity. Itââ¬â¢s the only thing that can probably turn them into human beings (p. 10).à We can see that Islamophobia has resulted in an invasion on Muslim Arabs in the Middle East who are all being put under the same umbrellaââ¬âthat of terrorists. The post 9/11 incident brought about a great deal of attention towards Muslim people; they became the center of social attention. However, such attention was not for the good but rather for the worse. This magnitude of attention that they had received created a fear in Western and European cultures, which too, resulted in hate groups and anti-Muslim campaigns. .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb , .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .postImageUrl , .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb , .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb:hover , .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb:visited , .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb:active { border:0!important; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb:active , .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83b88b649f35aa0c2bbf4b82c8bf1edb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Islamophobi A Thing Of The Past Or Still Present EssayTo see how influential the media is in framing societiesââ¬â¢ current attitudes towards Muslims as terrorists, one must examine peoplesââ¬â¢ outlook towards the Islamic faith prior to the 9/11 attacks. Westerners were not quite familiar with the Muslim religion and Islamic people in that they did not perceive them as terrorists or dangerous citizens, at least their perception was not as prevalent as it currently is. The connection between Islam and terrorism was not intensified until the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center that pushed the Islamic faith into the national and international spotlight (Smith, 2013). As Smith (2013) articulated, ââ¬Å"Many Americans who had never given Islam a second thought before 9/11 now had to figure out how to make sense of these events and relate to the faith tradition that ostensibly inspired themâ⬠(p. 1). One way in which people made sense of these events was through the media channels that influenced their overall opinions by shaping a framework of censored ideas (Yusof, Hassan, Hassan Osman, 2013). In a survey conducted by Pew Forum (2012), 32% of people reported that their opinions of Muslims were greatly influenced by the mediaââ¬â¢s portrayal of Islam that depicted violent pictorials and fundamentalist Muslims. Such constant negative depiction is likely to lead to the inevitableââ¬âprejudice and hate crime. For instance, in 2002 alone there were approximately 481 hate crimes that were carried out against Muslims (Smith, 2013). Ever since the 9/11 attacks Muslim people have been the target of ââ¬Å"suspicion, harassment and discrimin ationâ⬠(Talal, n.d., p. 9). On the other end of the scale, people who are more familiar with the Islamic faith tend to report more favorable attitudes towards Muslim people in comparison to those who are not well-educated about Muslims and their religious faith (Smith, 2013). This is why education-based approaches need to be established that aim to teach people about the positive aspects of Islam, rather than focusing only on the negative elements that the media tends to do. Education-based approaches can perhaps shift peoplesââ¬â¢ current attitudes from that of being discriminative towards Muslims and their religion to that of a more tolerable one. Furthermore, such education-based approaches can also eliminate, or at least reduce, the associations made between Muslims and terrorism. If Muslim Arabs continue to be negatively put under the social radar then religious groups and nations will not be able to live in harmony and will not be able to tolerate one anotherââ¬â¢s differences. Moreover, Western cul tures, as well as European, need to overlook the mediaââ¬â¢s false propaganda as it is only spreading the Islamophobia phenomenon. Again, if nothing is being done to mend the current social stance on Islam and Muslims as terrorists then subsequent generations will likely to experience similar discriminative attitudes in the prospective future. Put in other words, future generations will be the target of social attention similar to the current generation that is being misperceived as terrorists engaging in violent acts in the name of their religion. This false propaganda needs to be put to an end before matters worsen and before innocent children are attacked merely because of their religious affiliation, and being perceived as terrorists before they reach adulthood. With that in mind, we aim to examine the current attitudes towards Muslims and their religious faith and their viewpoints on terrorism amongst Halifax University students that includes a pool sample from Saint Maryââ¬â¢s University, Mount Saint Vincent University and Dalhousie University. We will examine current attitudes associated with the Islamic religion which will give us an idea as to whether or not there is a connection between those who are familiar with the Islamic religion and those who hold favorable attitudes. Our hypothesis is that those who are familiar with the Islamic religion will likely hold more favorable attitudes or at least will not hold discriminative outlooks towards such religious group. We also hypothesize that first year undergraduate students will carry more prejudice and discriminative attitudes towards Muslims in comparison to fourth year students who will have more favorable attitudes. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-67807682558003579352020-04-15T00:58:00.001-07:002020-04-15T00:58:02.806-07:00Sir Lancelot Essays - The Lady Of Shalott, , Term Papers 95.Sir Lancelot is going to Camelot 96.Its about dusk time or the sun is just going down 97.Its night and there are a bunch of stars out 98.a shooting star passing through the night 99.as it moves over Shalott, nothing is going on at Shalott 100.hes got wide and nice eyebrows that glisten in the sun 101.His horse's hooves are polished 102.Hes got hair that is long and it flows 103.His hair is coal black 104.His coal black hair flows as he rides to Camelot 105.He comes close to the river 106.He shows up in Shalotts mirror 107.Hes singing a song and he hear tirra lira 108.Sir Lancelot is singing 109.She stopped weaving and went towards the window 110.She made three large steps to the window 111.She looks out the window and sees water-lilies 112.She sees his helmet 113.She also look all the way down to Camelot 114.Her weaving came apart 115.The mirror cracked 116.She is realizing that the curse is upon her 117.Lady of Shalott 118.Wind is now stirring up 119.The tree leaves are turning yellow 120.The river is splashing all over the place 121.Its now raining on top of all that 122.All this is going every were including Camelot 123.She came down the tower and found a boat 124.Its floating below a willow tree 125.On the prow of the boat she writes her name 126.Lady of Shalott 127.She looks down the river 128.Like a person who can see into the future 129.And she can see that she is doomed by the curse 130.Her face has a glazed expression 131.She looked down to Camelot 132.At the end of the day 133.She unties the chain and she sits down In the boat 134.And she float down the river 135.Lady of Shalott 136.She is dressed all in Wight 137.The dress is loss and flowing in the wind 138.Leaves are falling on her lightly 139.The noises of the night like crickets and owls or wolves howling 140.She was floating down the river to Camelot 141.The boat was going down the winding river 142.She passes by fields full of willows and bare fields of grass 143.She is singing her last song and people near can hear it 144.Lady of Shalott 145.Her song is haunting and soft 146.Now her song is loud 147.Her blood is freezing over slowly 148.Her eyes were closing slowly she was dying 149.Her boat turned to Camelot 150.Before she reached the tide 151.Before the first house b the river 152.As she is singing her song she dies as she finishes 153.Lady of Shalott 154.She floating through the river that goes under a tower 155.She floats by a garden wall 156.She also floats by a tall shiny shape 157.As shes floating down by the houses 158.She is silent 159.They came out to see the dead lady 160.Everyone came out even knights, even a lord came out 161.They all gathered by the passing boat and read her name 162.Lady of Shalott 163.Who is coming in to the scene 164.Is the bright palace that is close by 165.This is a sad moment. No one is happy 166.They made the symbol of a cross to protect them self 167.Even the brave knights did the same 168.Here comes sir Lancelot 169.He says that she has a lovely face 170.He gives her a little prayer 171.Lady of Shalott Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-31274913025195283562020-03-12T09:30:00.001-07:002020-03-12T09:30:02.713-07:00Free Essays on Vincent Price GalleryVincent Price Gallery As I am the one who loves the arts, I went to the Vincent Price Gallery. Actually, when I just passed by and saw the sign that said ââ¬Å"To the Galleryâ⬠, I was automatically brought by my feet there. As soon as I set my feet on the porch, it attracted me a lot. It was really amazing. It is decorated by white color and used a lot of lights. White color makes it bright and more attractive. Its professionally equipped and maintained facilities are really good. Therefore, it looks like a recently decorated even though it was founded in 1951. The pictures are placed in order. I saw a lot of oil pictures and photograph there. They all attracted me a lot because there are many different style and varsities of interesting such as pictures and photographs. Later, I became to know that all the pictures in the Vincent Price Gallery have been donated by Vincent Price and numerous other contributors. All the art collectors must have a psyche of living in a home surrounded by beauty. In the gallery, I looked all the pieces with great interest. In there, I had a great interest in ââ¬Å"Frankenstein At The Wheelâ⬠. It is only a silver gelatin photograph that is presented by Philippe Halsman. Even though it was just a photograph, it had a lot of interest and surprise because one gentleman was driving speedily without looking forwards. At one glance, I was really scary by it because the gentleman in the picture has two faces. One is at the back and it looks like turning backwards. The other is appeared at the front mirror. As I looked at it thoroughly, I found out the face at the back looks like the mask and the face in the mirror is his actual face. The presentation by the photographer successfully gave life to the photograph. I am sure that every one who looked at the photograph was felt the same feeling like me. In the gallery, all the pictures made me have interesting a lot. But the photograph I mentio... Free Essays on Vincent Price Gallery Free Essays on Vincent Price Gallery Vincent Price Gallery As I am the one who loves the arts, I went to the Vincent Price Gallery. Actually, when I just passed by and saw the sign that said ââ¬Å"To the Galleryâ⬠, I was automatically brought by my feet there. As soon as I set my feet on the porch, it attracted me a lot. It was really amazing. It is decorated by white color and used a lot of lights. White color makes it bright and more attractive. Its professionally equipped and maintained facilities are really good. Therefore, it looks like a recently decorated even though it was founded in 1951. The pictures are placed in order. I saw a lot of oil pictures and photograph there. They all attracted me a lot because there are many different style and varsities of interesting such as pictures and photographs. Later, I became to know that all the pictures in the Vincent Price Gallery have been donated by Vincent Price and numerous other contributors. All the art collectors must have a psyche of living in a home surrounded by beauty. In the gallery, I looked all the pieces with great interest. In there, I had a great interest in ââ¬Å"Frankenstein At The Wheelâ⬠. It is only a silver gelatin photograph that is presented by Philippe Halsman. Even though it was just a photograph, it had a lot of interest and surprise because one gentleman was driving speedily without looking forwards. At one glance, I was really scary by it because the gentleman in the picture has two faces. One is at the back and it looks like turning backwards. The other is appeared at the front mirror. As I looked at it thoroughly, I found out the face at the back looks like the mask and the face in the mirror is his actual face. The presentation by the photographer successfully gave life to the photograph. I am sure that every one who looked at the photograph was felt the same feeling like me. In the gallery, all the pictures made me have interesting a lot. But the photograph I mentio... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-21439835993272692672020-02-24T23:56:00.001-08:002020-02-24T23:56:02.540-08:00Relations between Knowledge and Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsRelations between Knowledge and Reality - Essay Example Ideas about relationships are certainly developed and predicted on the basis of the conditions they fulfill. Thus, the relationships and their concepts are dependent of the performances they make. The author also alludes to various forms of concepts described by Locke, which include action-concepts, physical concepts and moral concepts (106-107). Locke has also established the patterns of relations, where he declares cause and effect as the most important one in this regards. He has also shown the relationship between various ideas on the basis of the concepts established. He called relation between idea and thing as the real existence. (110) Locke has presented different sorts of agreements on perception about ideas, where he aims to view knowledge as unlimited in nature and scope, though knowledge of coexistence is narrow and limited one. Hence, Locke asserts the existence of knowledge on the basis of perception of agreement or disagreement between ideas, without taking into consid eration the very difference in perceiving the same. (117) Locke, Law & Law of Nature Rogers (1999) has identified the moral and natural law described and discussed by John Locke in his philosophy. Moral law, according to Rogers, enjoys the central place in Lockeââ¬â¢s political writings (Atherton, 1999:47), which can also be viewed in association with his opinion about scientific inventions and advancements. It is partly due to the very reality that scientific discoveries are also the outcome of the scientistsââ¬â¢ curiosity for exploring the countless phenomena of nature with the help of observation and empirical estimation. Hence, God and the universe on the one hand, and natural law and scientific discoveries are interrelated according to Locke (48-49). The individualsââ¬â¢ activities also reflect natural laws, and parentsââ¬â¢ affection for children is natural, while their hatred for children looks unnatural and astonishing act. Consequently, natural law lays stress upon morality for the individuals (51), and reiterates upon applying best of faculties and skills while performing an act or obligation. Locke has also sought inspiration from the Newtonââ¬â¢s law of gravity that every object of nature acts according to the commands of natural law, and deviation from the same could invite disorder and chaos in its wake. It is therefore Locke, in his Essay, looks for seeking knowledge about the laws of universe in order to explore the realities existing all around humans. (53-54) Rogers also cites Lockeââ¬â¢s examples regarding the affects of various objects on others, where the reaction of different objects is almost same, as hemlock takes the life of the person consuming the same. Locke has also explored relation between the law of nature and the laws of nature, where law of nature identifies the existence of God, His laws and the entities to obey the same, and laws of nature repeat their course in order to implement the law of nature. Moral Weakness by Spinoza Harris (1973) has elucidated Spinozaââ¬â¢s doctrine of moral weakness by making its comparison with the goodness theory articulated by renowned Greek philosopher Plato.à Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-26851243247842612892020-02-08T16:42:00.001-08:002020-02-08T16:42:03.009-08:00List and explain the three step risk analysis process and list Personal StatementList and explain the three step risk analysis process and list resources - Personal Statement Example At any rate, it is always better to be prepared for any eventuality although admittedly, it is virtually impossible to prepare adequately for anything and everything. However, having good plans in place is better than having no plan at all that can deal with a contingency whenever it so happens. The most crucial part of security planning and loss prevention is critical thinking. This is the ability to think and ask the tough questions other people may hesitate to ask. Further, it is a way to get out of the box-mindset and adopt a different attitude from the business as usual. In his book, author Philip P. Purpura postulates critical thinking as the cognitive ability of analysis, the interpretation, the explanation and the evaluation of ones own reasoning, to even include ability to question ones conclusions and judgment in a continuous process of assessment (2008, p. 4). In this regard, there is a highly-recommended three-step risk analysis process that is to be followed in order to have a good grasp of the security situation. It is the rational and orderly way of identifying a problem, determining its probability of occurring and finding solutions. The objective of this process is to also estimate the loss in case of an adverse event happening. This 3 step process is discussed in much greater detail in the next page. Conducting a loss prevention survey ââ¬â this first step takes into consideration all possible threats, hazards, vulnerabilities and weaknesses that can threaten security and survival. Purpose of this activity is to assess probable adverse events based on certain conditions such as weather, geography, fire protection systems, pending litigation, proximate presence of nearby hazardous materials (nuclear, chemical, biological, etc.) and all other identifiable threats to include social, political and economic conditions. The survey is actually a questionnaire in the form of checklist to make sure everything is covered during the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-801032009752682832020-01-29T22:40:00.001-08:002020-01-29T22:40:03.602-08:00The End of the Cold War and the United Nations Essay Example for Free The End of the Cold War and the United Nations Essay Abstract The end of the Cold War ushered in many significant changes in the international system. Many of these changes are seen to provide an impetus for the reestablishment of multilateralism and the collective security approach to the maintenance of international peace and security, under the aegis of the United Nations. The multilateral movement gathered momentum over the first few years of the post-Cold War era and saw a number of peacekeeping missions mandated by the United Nations across the World. However, a careful inspection of these missions, and other instances when any action failed to materialize, reveals that much of the impetus gained from the end of the Cold War conflict was lost due. Several factors contributed to this outcome, not least a lack of political will on the part of the United Nations and the Member States. The essay concludes by looking at the present situation and arguing that a similar opportunity as the one in 1991 has presented itself, leaving the United Nations in particular, and multilateralism in general, with a chance to redeem itself. Introduction: The UN during the Cold War à à à à à à à à à à à The end of the Second World War and the institution of the United Nations in 1945 were landmark events in the history of the world. While the conclusion of the War marked the demise of European imperialism (though the decolonisation process would continue till 1966), it also signalled a change in the norms of international society. Based on the principles of collective security, as elaborated in the Charter of the United Nations, these emergent norms sanctified (international) territorial boundaries, promising to usher in a new era of international history. However, the optimism and confidence which surrounded the formation of the United Nations ââ¬â as a forward-looking model of international cooperation ââ¬â was soon disturbed by the Soviet Unionââ¬â¢s entry into the nuclear club in 1949. This was the beginning of the Cold War between the USA and the USSR, which mired international politics, as well as the UN, in an ideological conflict for the next four and a half decades. à à à à à à à à à à à Though the specifics of how the Cold War was fought fall outside the ambit of this paper, it is important to note its effects on the functioning of the UN. The composition of the UN Security Council ââ¬â the organ charged with the maintenance of international peace and security ââ¬â becomes salient here: as permanent members, both the United States and Soviet Union exercised the power of the veto (a single veto from any permanent being enough to sink a Security Council resolution), according to their geopolitical interests (see UN General Assembly, 2004, p. 13-19). This crippled the development of the UN, while consequently stunting the evolution of multilateralism. Changes at the End of the Cold War: Impetus to UN Multilateralism à à à à à à à à à à à The end of the Cold War, in 1991, brought with it a renewed optimism and injected fresh vigour into the UN; finally rid of the ideological divide of the previous decades, the new situation led some scholars to say that: The end of the Cold War lifts a central obstacle to the strengthening of multilateral peacekeeping and the extension of multilateral operations beyond traditional peacekeeping tasks. A revived United Nations Security Council and energetic Secretary-General are the global [centre] of this rapidly evolving effortâ⬠¦ (Roper, Nishihara, Otunnu and Schoettle, 1993, p. 1). Concomitant to this belief, the number of peacekeeping operation of the UN increased, along with the establishment of the UN Protective Force (UNPROFOR) ââ¬â made famous by its engagements in Bosnia ââ¬â in the years following the fall of the Berlin Wall. However, to truly understand the impact of the end of the Cold War on the UN, and its efforts to strengthen multilateralism, we must be appreciative of what actually changed at the ââ¬Å"end of historyâ⬠(Fukuyama, 1993). à à à à à à à à à à à An era of post-internationalism, defined by a complex system of relations between nation-states and non-state actors, was thought to be the most probable outcome of the end of the Cold War (Rosenau, 1990). In reality, the most important changes occurring in the international system were: The emergence of a unipolar world ââ¬â with the United States as the lone superpower ââ¬â though there was a brief debate over the possibility of a return to (a somewhat Westphalian) multipolarity. The structural and ideological impediments to the UNââ¬â¢s operations disappeared, resulting in an environment (apparently) conducive to international cooperation. The emergence of ââ¬Å"New Wars,â⬠which were intra-state affairs, and fuelled by ethno-religious and cultural divides (Kaldor, 1999). The intensification of the process of globalization, rapidly intertwining the national economies of the world into the world economy and with each other, meaning that conflicts would produce more stakeholders interested in their resolution. These changes made for an opportunity for the UN to capitalise on the changing dimensions of international politics and drive home the advantage for the renewed consensus for multilateralism. à à à à à à à à à à à The American preponderance in the immediate aftermath of the end of the Cold War meant that the future of multilateralism would depend, to a great extent, on the willingness of the United States to support and participate in the operations of the UN. This dependence was only natural: the US was the most economically and militarily dominant power at the time, and for any successful venture on the part of the UN, US assistance (or at the very least, support) was essential. Because of the USââ¬â¢ political importance, Security Council resolutions backed by the country were more persuasive and influential than earlier, thus accelerating the strengthening of the UNââ¬â¢s multilateral foundations. Initially, the United States readily participated in UN-backed interventions and peacekeeping missions ââ¬â in Iraq/Kuwait (1990) and Somalia (1992) ââ¬â which coincided with its policy of ââ¬Å"aggressive involvementâ⬠in response to international peace and security at the time (Art, 2003, p. 2-3). Thus, American primacy at the end of the Cold War provided a great impetus to UN-led multilateralism. à à à à à à à à à à à The fall of the East/West divide provided an opportunity to expand the realm of the UNââ¬â¢s multilateral operations beyond that of traditional peacekeeping, to include such areas of peace-building as providing humanitarian assistance, transitions to democratic governments and helping with national reconstruction in post-conflict scenarios. This expanding perspective was explained by the UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to have occurred as a direct consequence of the demise of Cold War animosities amongst the permanent members of the Security Council (1992). The proliferation of UN missions in the early 1990s ââ¬â to Somalia, Cambodia, Namibia, Western Sahara, Angola, Bosnia, Croatia, El Salvador and Mozambique ââ¬â goes to show how much of an impetus the removal of structural impediments gave to the UN at the end of the Cold War. à à à à à à à à à à à The emergence of New Wars called for a change in the understanding of intra-state violence, along with a wider interpretation of the provisions of Chapter VII of the UN Charter (UN, 1945). During the Cold War, the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention were paramount; according to Article 2(7) of the Charter, Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charterâ⬠¦ (1945.) However, in the post-Cold War era, there has been a considerable shift towards embracing the principles of internal justice (i.e. within states) and individual rights, which require the maintenance of certain universally accepted standards (Taylor and Curtis, 2003, p. 415). This movement towards a semblance of global governance also resulted from the impetus gained from the end of the Cold War. For example, the intervention in Kosovo (late-1990s) was purely on humanitarian grounds, and explicitly breached the (now contested) sovereignty of the Republic of Serbia. On the other hand, the intervention in Somalia was carried out at the stateââ¬â¢s request, while that in Iraq (in 1990) depended on Memorandums of Understanding between the UN and Saddam Hussein. In all of these cases, however, the increasing tendency of multilateral involvement in the domestic affairs of states cannot be overlooked. à à à à à à à à à à à Due to the political and economic structural adjustment policies (enforced by the IMF against the supply of loans) experienced in many parts of the world during the 1980s, the end of the Cold War came at a time when the process of globalization had already taken shape to a certain degree. This process meant the expansion of markets, along with goods and services, across the world, making countries increasingly interdependent. Thus conflict, in any part of the world, now has the potential to disrupt more than a handful of national economies. Hence, there are more takers for multilateral action to resolve conflicts, especially after the (formal) removal of ideological differences within the UN after 1991. For example, in the case of the peacekeeping mission in Bosnia, countries as diverse as Nepal, Fiji, Argentina, Senegal and Iceland, among many others, contributed personnel and supplies to the UN. This was another impetus received by the UN at the end of the Cold War, strengthening its role in multilateral ventures. à à à à à à à à à à à Indeed, the renewed energy exhibited by the Member States of the UN to multilaterally solve international conflicts is evidenced by the fact that peacekeeping operations undertaken after the Cold War easily outnumber those mandated during 1945 to 1990 (UN Peacekeeping, 2008). There has also been an improved dynamism in the Security Council and the General Assembly since 1990, shown by the rise in the number of resolutions proposed and adopted, as against the oftentimes deadlocked scenario of the Cold War (UN Documentation Centre, 2008). These facts show the momentum gained by multilateralism, under the aegis of the UN, in the post-Cold War era. An Evaluation of Post-Cold War Multilateralism à à à à à à à à à à à It is important, however, to make a crucial qualification at this point: greater involvement through the multilateral framework does not tantamount to success in resolving or preventing international conflicts. If we are to make an analytical examination of how far the end of the Cold war proved to be an impetus for the reestablishment of the UN as the focal point for multilateral projects, we must judge the same in terms of what they achieved. The possibilities that the termination of the East/West conflict held for the UN have already been discussed; now, we shall attempt to provide a critical analysis of how multilateralism has fared to obtain the true nature of the impetus in question. à à à à à à à à à à à Throughout the UNââ¬â¢s existence, the question of intervention to stop genocide (or for genocide prevention) has been a thorn in its side. The history of the UN is replete with cases of genocide ââ¬â Uganda (1970s), Paraguay (1974), Democratic Kampuchea (1975-78), Bangladesh (1970-71) and Burundi (1972-73) ââ¬â where it did not take any concrete steps to stop the conflict (Kuper 1982). Regardless of the changes found in the post-Cold War era, the ââ¬Å"right to interveneâ⬠(jus ad bellum, or humanitarian intervention), has only been enforced in Kosovo (Taylor and Curtis, 2003, p. 415). The UN, however, failed to act on time in the cases of Rwanda (1994) and Bosnia (1992-93), resulting in close to a million deaths. In Rwanda alone, the death toll reached more than 800,000, and led Secretary-General Kofi Annan to remark: ââ¬Å"The world failed Rwanda at that time of evil. The international community and the United Nations could not muster the political will to confront itâ⬠(quoted in Glazer, 2004, p. 167). Similarly, the Security Council has been sitting on the fence with regard to Darfur, western Sudan, where Arab militias known as the Janjaweed, with help from the central authority in Khartoum, have been systematically killing (and raping and displacing) black Africans since 2003. Due to the reluctance of the UN to label the conflict in Darfur as genocide, hundreds of thousands continue to die, while more are forced to migrate across the western border into Chad (HRW, 2006). à à à à à à à à à à à Part of the blame lies with the Genocide Convention (concluded in 1948), which obliges Member Parties to ââ¬Å"prevent and punishâ⬠any act of genocide. But, what this clause means in terms of policy directives remains unclear; many Parties are content to push for institutional solutions in these cases, while refraining to term a given situation as genocide, so that they are not dragged into a commitment of conflict resolution. However, at the end of the Cold War, with the consensus for international cooperation and multilateral action on a high, the UN had a golden opportunity to include or append policy recommendations to the Genocide Convention. It was essential to recognise that the history of the UNââ¬â¢s failure to prevent genocide was a function of reluctant nation-states wary of being drawn into a long-term commitment, rather than plainly understanding it as another aspect of the East/West conflict. By oversimplifying the causes of previous failures, the UN also lost that bit of impetus which the end of the Cold War had generated. à à à à à à à à à à à In addition, the multilateral movement suffered another jolt when, given the losses it incurred in Somalia (1992), the American policy slowly started shifting from aggressive involvement to selective engagement: the US, by many accounts, was only interested in taking part in such conflicts which served its national interests (Power 2002). It was the intransigence on the part of the US which, in large measure, contributed to the debacle in Rwanda. Indeed, the fact that the US was actively involved in the Bosnian peace process was not lost on many, leading to speculation that the country was atoning for it inaction in Rwanda, while spawning more radical critiques claiming that the US was more sympathetic to conflicts in Europe and North America (Cooper, 2003). In any event, the reliance on the US for multilateral action proved shaky ââ¬â a reality further reinforced by its unilateral decision to engage in a preventive war in Iraq (in 2003) ââ¬â and only retarded the impetus gained in 1991. à à à à à à à à à à à The UN, Kaldor argues, also suffers from weak conceptual and theoretical comprehension of ââ¬Å"new warsâ⬠(1999). She maintains that it was not the unwillingness to provide resources, a lack of cohesion among peacekeepers or the general tendency of making policies offering short-term solutions which protracted the conflict in Bosnia. Instead, the international community failed to grasp the nature of the ââ¬Å"new nationalismâ⬠that had steered the country into the abyss of an ethno-religious war (Kaldor, 1999, p. 53). This failure also led to the underestimation of how the war would progress; the UN peacekeeping force that reached Bosnia had neither the resources, nor the specific mandate, for conflict prevention. Hence, there was no peace to ââ¬Ëkeepââ¬â¢. à à à à à à à à à à à This brings us to the issues of deployment and mandates. The UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda, which was put in place to see through the transition to democracy ââ¬â as part of the Arusha Accords of 1993 ââ¬â employed 2,500 peacekeepers. At the outbreak of genocide in 1994, the Security Council decided to withdraw all but a tenth of the force, leaving those still remaining in Rwanda to stand by and watch the week-long massacres. In Bosnia, the situation was hardly any better; though the total UNPROFOR contingent totalled 23,000, the requisition to the Security Council asked for 30,000 troops for the safe havens ââ¬â in Srebrenica, Zepa, Tuzla, Sarajevo, Gorazde, and Bihac ââ¬â alone. In the end, 7,500 troops were provided for these areas, and resources for only 3,500 could be managed (Kaldor, p. 65). Again, in Darfur, the Security Council sanctioned a peacekeeping force of 25,000 to work alongside the African Unionââ¬â¢s 7,000-strong peacekeeping mission; however, the mission is yet to be completely deployed, owing to organisational problems. à à à à à à à à à à à Most importantly, though, it is crucial to understand that whatever be the deployment, if the same is not supplied with an aggressive mandate, history shows that it is deemed to fail. An aggressive mandate would entail peace enforcement, in turn requiring a wider reading of the provisions of Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Sending lightly armed peacekeepers into zones of conflict only risks their lives and achieves very little in terms of conflict prevention. In recent years, the UN has found it preferable to mandate individual countries to enforce peace in smaller-scale incidents of violent conflict, like Australia (East Timor 1999), France (Congo, 2003) and the USA (Liberia, 2003). Whether such decisions indicate the complications of an aggressive multilateral approach is difficult to say, but these cases do suggest that unilateral solutions are sometimes simpler. The problems of troop deployment and mandates, therefore, seem to have eroded much of the impetus gained by the UNââ¬â¢s multilateral framework at the beginning of the post-Cold War era. Conclusion: Opportunity Lost, Perspective Gained à à à à à à à à à à à There are two important conclusions that readily derive from the above discussion. Firstly, the changes in the international system at the end of the Cold War produced a scenario where the UN remained the only organisation capable of maintaining peace. This provided a thrust to the multilateral framework which had suffered till then under the shadow of the East/West bipolarity. Without doubt, the end of the Cold War had supplied the UN with a vital impetus to re-establish multilateralism as the definitive path to peace. Secondly, however, an evaluation of post-Cold War multilateralism reveals that this chance was squandered, leading many to call this phase of the UNââ¬â¢s history as ââ¬Å"opportunity lostâ⬠(Johnson, 1999). Indeed, the breakdown of the consensus over the war in Iraq (2003) led Annan to declare that ââ¬Å"[t]he past year has shaken the foundations of collective security and undermined confidence in the possibility of collective responses to our common problems and challengesâ⬠(quoted in UN Press Release, 2003). à à à à à à à à à à à Looking forward, however, we have to contend that it is precisely the US debacle in Iraq has cast grave doubts over unilateral actions, and has prepared the ground once more for the endorsement of multilateralism. Following its initial failures in peacekeeping, the UN maintained that its role in international peace and security remained ââ¬Å"essentialâ⬠(Crossette, 1994); the reverses early on in the post-Cold War era now serve as key points of reference from which to learn and devise more viable policies. The lessons of the past, thus, must provide the paths to the present (and the future). The opportunity given to the UN and multilateralism by the fall of the Soviet Union was spurned over the subsequent decade. The international system has again generated a similar impetus which should, this time, be treated with the utmost care and responsibility. References Art, R. J. (2003). A Grand Strategy for America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping. A/47/277. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/docs/SG/agpeace.html Cooper, M. H. (February 23, 2003). Future of NATO. CQ Researcher, 13, 8, pp. 177-200. Crossette, B. (December 5, 1994). UN Falters in Post-Cold War Peacekeeping, but Sees Role as Essential. The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E3DC1739F936A35751C1A962958260 Fukuyama, F. (1993). The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Harper Perennial. Glazer, S. (August 27, 2004). Stopping Genocide. CQ Researcher, 14, 29, pp. 165-187. Human Rights Watch. (December 2006). Darfur Bleeds: Militia Attacks on Civilians in Chad. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.hrw.org/ Johnson, R. (January 1999). Post-Cold War Security: The Lost Opportunities. The Disarmament Forum, 1, 5-11. Kaldor, M. (1999). New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Kuper, L. (1982). Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Power, S. (2002). A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. New York: Harper Perennial. Roper, J., Nishihara, M., Otunnu, O. A., Schoettle, E. C. B. (1993). Keeping the Peace in the Post-Cold War Era: Strengthening Multilateral Peacekeeping ââ¬â A Report to the Trilateral Commission. New York: The Trilateral Commission. Rosenau, J. N. (1990). Turbulence in World Politics: A theory of Change and Continuity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Taylor, P. and Curtis, D. (2003). The United Nations. In Baylis, J. and Smith, S. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 405-424. United Nations Documentation Centre. (2008). General Assembly Resolutions | Security Council Resolutions. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/documents/index.html United Nations General Assembly. (2004). Report of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other matters related to the Security Council. A/58/47. New York: United Nations. United Nations Peacekeeping. (2008). List of Operations: 1948-2008. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/list/list.pdf United Nations Press Release. (November 2003). Secretary-General Names High-level Panel to Study Global Security Threats, and Recommend Necessary Changes. SG/A/857. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/press-release-041103.pdf United Nations. (1945). Charter of the United Nations. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/ Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-56539689660037732082020-01-21T19:04:00.001-08:002020-01-21T19:04:02.761-08:00Cather in the Rye :: essays research papers The Catcher and the Rye is a very controversial book even today. Many schools and libraries across the country have banned this book for various reasons. This paper will explore some of these reasons why this book is still causing debates among educators. To first understand why this book has caused so many debates we have to look at the time it was written in, the 1950ââ¬â¢s. In the 1950ââ¬â¢s the world was just recovering from the devastations of World War II, which ended five years ago. The United States emerged as a Super Power, the wealthiest nation and the American way of life envied throughout the Western world. This was a time when people were friendlier, more caring, and honest. People were not afraid to leave their homes without locking their doors. Neighbors were always there to help you for whatever reason and, families were close knit. They would have dinner each night, watch television, and do activities together. Children in this time were brought up to respect their elders, conform, and behave according to the their elderââ¬â¢s values. Most of them did so, although a growing spirit of rebellion and a new assertiveness of ideas and styles soon developed. The term ââ¬Å"teenagerâ⬠became widely used. Teena gers found their own taste in music and fashion. Girls were most likely found wearing clothes like people that they saw on television and the movies. Music had also changed. Teenagers were very fond of a new type of music known as Rock And Roll. Bill Haley and his band was just one group that caused a stir among the elders as to what was respectable, and banned Haleyââ¬â¢s movie as well as his record from jukeboxes. This was the first measure that elders took to ââ¬Å"save the childrenâ⬠, from destroying their values. However, the media with magazines, radio, television and the movies fueled the ideas of being a teenager. One popular song of this time was ââ¬Å"All Shook Upâ⬠by Elvis Presley that seems to symbolize this time in history. (Stacy & Finkelstein) One author J.D. Salinger wrote his first novel during this time and added to the controversy by his writing style. Salinger chose to write his novel in the first person, told by a seventeen year old boy named Holden Claudfield. Throughout the novel, Holden uses foul language, discussed sexual matter, and rejects the traditional American ideas. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-47470515532957805762020-01-13T15:28:00.001-08:002020-01-13T15:28:03.249-08:00Gender segregation In US EssayIn the recent past, United State has been a victim of gender inequality. For instance, in the colonial era, reading and writing were the essential skills. However, these skills were mainly taught to boys and only privileged girls. This is a clear discrimination that makes the girls child disadvantaged and thus affects her social development and limit her interaction. One of the most important aspects in human development is the gender-role development. Age between two & six are the essential stage when the children start to learn of the abilities, and gender. In making of toys for playing, the America culture separates toys for girls and boys. The boys will shy from playing with dollies and the girls also avoid playing with tennis balls. This separation affects the social development of the children in many ways. First, the playing styles and behaviors will be centered on the identity ââ¬ËI am a Girlââ¬â¢ or ââ¬ËI am a Boyââ¬â¢. This spreads to the social context of the family, school, and peer group. Most theories of social development highlight early childhood as initial and the essential stage in social development. Much of the learning in this stage occurs by imitation. That is, boys learn to be boys by observing their fathers and girls learn l to be girls by observing their mothers. When children imitate similar sex they tend to be appreciated. However, imitating the opposite sex would attract punishment. This stereotype leaves a lasting impact on the mind of the children who grow up to believe that girls and boys are different and should be treated differently. This has been the root cause of gender disparity in US. Reference: Axtell, J. (1974). Gender-Role Development ââ¬â The Development of Sex and Gender. Illinois; University of Illinois Press. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-59381013787274297892020-01-05T11:51:00.001-08:002020-01-05T11:51:03.580-08:00Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Essay - 989 Words Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar was born in Rome on November 16, 42 BC. Four years after his birth his mother divorced his father and married Octavian. Tiberius was a descendant of the Claudian family who moved to Rome shortly after the foundation of the city. The Claudians did not respect others who were not of noble ancestry. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After Tiberius was four he was raised to be a loyal servant of Augustus. Tiberius is associated with Augustus for 22 years. Augustus had Tiberius carefully educated. Augustus later forced Tiberius to dissolve his happy marriage to Vipsania Agrippina and marry Augustus daughter Julia. This was arranged to better the chance ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Tiberius began to take firm steps against foreign beliefs because he thought they were a threat to traditional Roman values. He expelled followers of the Egyptian and Jewish religions from Rome and banished astrologers. Tiberius believed in astrology himself but probably feared a possible conspiracy inspired by horoscopes. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tiberius established a central camp for the Praetorian guard in Rome so the military could be quickly called to put down civilian violence. Civilian riots were common because of the large population of unemployed that were provided for by the public dole. Lucius Aelius Sejanus was in charge of these troops and that gave him an enormous amount of potential power. He aspired to marry Livia Julia, Tiberius daughter, and worked to increase the emperors fear and distrust of other members of his Tiberius family. In AD 26 Tiberius left Rome and withdrew to Campania, and the following year went to the island of Capri. Tiberius left Rome under the power of Sejanus. Finally realizing that Sejanus was trying to seize the imperial power he sent a carefully worded letter to the senate. The senate read the letter while the unsuspecting Sejanus sat in the senate chamber. Tiberius bitterly condemned Sejanus. Quick action was then taken to execute Sejanus and his family. Incidents such as this one gave Tiberius a bad name with the people of Rome and the senate. Tiberius continued to rule Rome and theShow MoreRelated The Preatorian Guard1814 Words à |à 8 Pagesmen formed the iconic symbol of the Ancient Roman Army: the Praetorian Guard. Rigid and unwavering, these soldiers were the bodyguards of the most powerful men in the ancient world: The Emperors of Rome. 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Their reign caused them to be unpopular as each marginalized pietas, the duty towards Read MoreCorrupted Imperial Rome1089 Words à |à 5 Pagesdynasties ruled after the assassination of Julius Caesar. He was thought to be a conspirator of corruption, but his death was to promote corruption. Among the leaders of Rome, corruption was widespread. Augustus was one of many leaders that supported corruption. Julius Caesar was executed for supporting corruption. Coincidentally, Julius Caesarââ¬â¢s successors were more corrupted than he supposedly was. The reason why Julius was killed was because Julius Caesar was for not doing his actions in secrecy andRead MoreRoman Impact on Christianity1647 Words à |à 7 Pagesanother emperor would rise to power: Tiberius. Tiberiusââ¬â¢ reign began 14 AD and continued on through until his death 37 AD. Jesusââ¬â¢ ministry began, according to Luke 1, fifteen years into Tiberiusââ¬â¢ reign. Albeit the spread of the miracles performed by Jesus spread through Abigania 3 Rome quite rapidly, some debate that Tiberius may not have even known of Jesusââ¬â¢ existence because in 26 AD, Tiberius had moved to his palace on the island of Capri. The impact Tiberius had on the early Christian churchRead MoreTacitus s Influence On The Roman Empire2166 Words à |à 9 PagesAgrippina the younger as a sign of weakness of the principate representing Claudius and Nero as her pawn. Her position of power as a female to this day is unmatched; known as the granddaughter, daughter, sister, wife, and mother of men. ( Tacitus) Agrippina, an Imperial woman of the Julio-Claudian bloodline a female Caesar lived through all five of the Julio-Claudian emperors Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. Agrippina the younger roles in the empire is recognized but is not creditedRead MoreClaudius : The Second Roman Emperor Of The Julio Claudian Dynasty1288 Words à |à 6 PagesTiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus, more commonly referred to as Claudius, was appointed as the fourth Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, following the assassination of his nephew and preceding Emperor, Caligula, in 41 A.D. (Wasson, 2011) Despite the initial pessimistic perspective held by prominent Roman figures regarding his performance as Emperor, Claudius proved to be an efficient leader whom increased the autocratic nature of Rome through his Empire expansion campaigns and policiesRead MoreRomes Really Bad Emperors Essay1264 Words à |à 6 PagesTiberius, who served as emperor from 14 to 37 AD, began his rule after the death of his father-in-law, Augustus. Tiberius was a weak ruler, and he understood that ruling Rome was like ââ¬Å"holding a wolf by the ears.â⬠When conflict arose in Europe, Tiberius sent his nephew, Germanicus, to deal with it. Germanicus did his job, and this resulted in Tiberius fearing the newest war-hero. To avoid the issue, Germanicus was appointed governor of the remote eastern provinces by his uncle. After the suddenRead Mor e Tiberius Essay536 Words à |à 3 Pages Tiberius was born Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar in Rome on November 16, 42BC. Four years later his mother divorced his father and married the triumvir Octavian, later Emperor Augustus, who had Tiberius carefully educated. In 20BC Tiberius commanded an expedition to Armenia, and he subsequently helped subdue the Rhaetians and fought against the Pannonians (12-9BC). In 11BC Tiberius, at his stepfathers command, dissolved his happy marriage to Vipsania Agrippina (died AD20), daughter of the Roman Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-81192769962450814192019-12-28T08:16:00.001-08:002019-12-28T08:16:03.638-08:00Ophelia, By William Shakespeare Essay - 766 Words Ophelia, as a person, is essentially formed by the men in her life. This is not a radical idea: it has been embraced by centuries of Shakespeare critics. However, to go slightly deeper, one could consider what exactly the absence of Hamlet, Polonius, and Laertes has on her identity (outside of madness). This scene serves to force her into a new persona, as one without a personality. Ophelia is no longer a maid. She says this herself with, ââ¬Å"And I a maid at your window, to be your Valentine...Out a maid never departed more.â⬠(p. 107, 4.5.50-55) And yet she is not a wife, nor a widow, with Hamletââ¬â¢s abandonment of her. With no father or brother to give her the status of daughter or sister, Ophelia becomes a hollow shell, indicating what she once was. In the short time before her death, her only distinguishing aspect is her mental illness. But how does she react to Laertes when he arrives? One would think he would make the state of things even a little better, but there is almost no discernible effect on her. (This illustrates most painfully how far gone she is from the entire affair.) She simply begins handing out flowers, in what could be construed as a veiled farewell to her brother: ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s rosemary, thatââ¬â¢s for remembrance. Pray you love, remember.â⬠(p.112, 4.5.170-1) Shortly after Laertes begins talking to her, she also says ââ¬Å"my father diedâ⬠(p.112, 4.5.179-80) out loud, rather than referring to Polonius as only ââ¬Å"himâ⬠. This scene also ushers in several other captivating,Show MoreRelatedOphelia, By William Shakespeare1588 Words à |à 7 Pageslife, as a result of their misery and hopelessness. In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, one of the characters, Ophelia, suffers from this disease which sadly goes unrecognized throughout the story. Her symptoms and actions hold a similarity to what someone in present time would display with this mental illness. Shakespeare depicts the symptoms and resulting consequences of depression through the character Ophelia, by drawing attention to how isolation and unrequited love may lead to depressionRead MoreOphelia, By William Shakespeare Essay2442 Words à |à 10 PagesOphelia is a terminal character in Hamlet, whose death is caused by a lack of self-control and self-knowledge. Her father controls her life, and when he dies, her life is essentially over. This poses the question: why does the death of Polonius bring on the complete collapse and destruction of Ophelia? Polonius controls Ophelia, and does a substantial amount of her thinking. Without him, she has no direction in her life and no way to express herself as she has been so suppressed her entire life,Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet And Ophelia Essay2145 Words à |à 9 PagesHamlet and Ophelia were both forced into situations they weren t in a position for due to the fact of instances. Given their royal and social role, they needed to care for distinct things most humans don t seem to be involved about- akin to who has the correct to rule and avenging a father s murder. In addition, they had been each younger. Ophelia had the fact that she was female as good. Hamlet s insanity is feigned, even as Ophelia s is real. Hamlet places on his antic disposition so he canRead MoreHamlet, Ophelia, By William Shakespeare953 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the play Hamlet by Shakespeare, Ophelia, a main character, is what some would call a product of her environment. The events in this play show us how Polonius, Laertes, and later Hamlet, can affect Opheliaââ¬â¢s environment enough to manipulate her into her madness. Evidently, this is shown when she is underestimated by her father and brother, when Hamlet manipulates her into believing he loves her and when she realizes that the events are causing her madness. To begin, Ophelia is clearly underestimatedRead MoreThe Relationship Between Ophelia and Hamlet: William Shakespeare970 Words à |à 4 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, looks at the issue of madness and how it effects the characters of the play. Madness can be looked at from very different perspectives, such as strong and uncontrollable emotions, a personââ¬â¢s desires, and also a persons mental stability. Throughout the play, the audience is questioning the sanity of the main character, Hamlet, as he goes on his quest for revenge. The people around him also show signs of madness, such as Ophelia and Claudius, but in differentRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Ophelia1472 Words à |à 6 PagesSai Neelamraju Mrs.Thoms-Cappello Term Paper 21 April 2016 Ophelia In Hamlet From historical events such as World War I and World War II to present day women have been playing prominent roles. During the 14th and 15th centuries women had no important roles in their families, they were only used to take care of their families and to use their body for sex for men. A women mostly always needed a man by her side to stay stable and strong, otherwise they are known to be weak without them. ThereRead MoreComparison Of Ophelia And Hamlet By William Shakespeare1382 Words à |à 6 Pageswhen I was writing this analysis but I wanted to pack in as much information as I could. I took what I felt were the three major points of this play with women in it. I analyzed how Shakespeare portrayed and meant the two major female characters to be (Ophilia and Gertrude), and an example of the interactions between Ophelia and Hamlet, as they were very consistent throughout the story, and are an interesting but very easy display of societal norms at that time. After the fallout of my previous essayRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, Ophelia, Laertes And Laertes1308 Words à |à 6 Pagessmall role socially, economically and politically. Many works in the literature demonstrate this during the Elizabethan Era. In William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet, Ophelia, Hamletââ¬â¢s love and also the daughter of Polonius. She is a prime example of this as her father implores her to see Hamlet further more because of the possibility that he takes her name and her virginity. Ophelia truly loves Hamlet and was devastated when he shuns her in addition to pretending to be mad. She was affected by many of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Characterization Of Young Ophelia1681 Words à |à 7 Pagesunquestioning obedience and servitude. Unfortunately this concept is not of new occurrence. In fact, it has been the case for hundreds of years. This idea is well demonstrated in William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet, through the characterizatio n of young Ophelia. As Shakespeare tells the dramatic story of Hamletââ¬â¢s incestuous and corrupt family, Ophelia seems to often be cast aside and forgotten. She is subjected to much emotional abuse as she undergoes sexualization, harassment and manipulation at the hands not onlyRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Ophelia in Hamlet by William Shakespeare808 Words à |à 3 PagesOphelia is completely virtuous and dependent on the men in her life, which is something I can identify with. Of all the characters in the play Hamlet, the one I liked the most is Ophelia. Shakespeare portrayed her beautifully and put all his emotions into Opheliaââ¬â¢s character. Ophelia showed the exact image of the majority of women from my home country. In the play Hamlet, Ophelia was the most innocent, meek, but distraught character. Ophelia was a young, innocent girl, who was spirited and was the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-40958770253729911342019-12-20T04:05:00.001-08:002019-12-20T04:05:03.127-08:00A Dolls House and the House of Bernarda Alba Essay Federico Garcia Lorcas ââ¬Å"The House of Bernarda Albaâ⬠and Henrik Ibsens ââ¬Å"A Dolls Houseâ⬠both protest against the confinement of women of their days. Although the Houses are set differently in Spain of 20th century and Norway of 19th century respectively, both the plays relate in illuminating their respective female protagonists, Adela and Nora, as they eventually develop a sense of individuality and self-expression and emerge as free individuals from repression. The authorsââ¬â¢ attempts allow the reader audience to gain an insight into the social norms that each protagonist was pitted against. This heightens the tension as the action develops. Both Adela and Nora are inherently individualistic, and their innate nature is bared especiallyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(Lorca 142) Likewise, Nora of Dollââ¬â¢s House assumes the mask of her husband Torvaldââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"pretty little thingâ⬠(Ibsen 22), a ââ¬Å"little squirrelâ⬠(Ibsen 46), and a submissive ââ¬Å"dolly-wife.â⬠(Ibsen 82) She does so because Torvald expects her to accept that he is right in not indulging her ââ¬Å"little whimsâ⬠(Ibsen 21) and expects her to see her ââ¬Å"dancingâ⬠and ââ¬Å"recitingâ⬠(Ibsen 22) as per his wishes ââ¬â he expects her to be a doll under his control. So, she finds ââ¬Å"a way [herself]â⬠(Ibsen 21) ââ¬â the way of deception ââ¬â to follow her own heart. The revelation of the secrets Nora and Adela keep marks the end of their deception and thus stimulates them to stand up against repression and express their individual selves, guiding them to seek freedom. Noraââ¬â¢s loan and forgery are kept secret from her husband, because otherwise it would be revealed that Nora did not submit to his orders and seek his permission before any action ââ¬â behaviour which is unaccepted by the society. However, when theShow MoreRelated Henrik Isbens A Dollââ¬â¢s House and Frederico Garcias The House of Bernarda Alba1556 Words à |à 7 PagesHenrik Isbens A Dollââ¬â¢s House and Frederico Garcias The House of Bernarda Alba The House of Bernarda Alba and A Dolls House, by Frederico Garcia Lorca and Henrik Ibsen respectively, are two similar plays written at different times. In 1964, Fredericos The House of Bernarda Alba debuted in Madrid Spain, thirty-one years after its birth in 1933. It pioneered the style of surrealistic imagery, popular folklore and was written in prose. A Dolls House was published in 1879 and appeared on stageRead MoreMats Ek2349 Words à |à 10 Pagesclimax. Themes ââ¬Å"Political, social, racial and sexual concerns informed Ekââ¬â¢s first three creations, Kalfaktorn (1976), St George and the Dragon (1976) and Soweto (1977); psychological themes and gender issues played a part in both House of Bernarda Alba (1978) and Antigone (1979) long before Giselle and Swan Lakeâ⬠(Fifty Contemporary choreographers second edition) The main interest of the choreographer is to explore Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-39858058221083711292019-12-12T00:36:00.001-08:002019-12-12T00:36:03.584-08:00Legislating Privacy Technology Social Policy -Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Legislating Privacy Technology Social Policy? Answer: Introduction Every technology has both negative and positive impacts. However, there should be weighing between the positive and negative effects to conclude the question of technology relevance. According to me, driverless cars help the disabled individuals to enjoy the benefits of having a vehicle regardless of their ability to drive. Selling of driverless cars improves the economy of the state and that of the citizen. It is ethical to have driverless cars because the benefits are more than the risks. According to Langdon, Patrick, Ioannis, Mike, Lee, Alex John Clarkson, (2018) there is a likelihood of developing driverless, all weathers, and reliable and general purpose cars in future. However, there is a risk of technological failure while using a driverless car hence causing severe accidents. It is not easy to trust somebody youve met online for the first time. It takes time to even communicate freely with somebody you've met online. There has been media exploitation by wrong people who indulge you in communication for self-gain. For instance, hackers may introduce malware by sending an email (Howard Jones, pp.23). Emailing is a communication mechanism that has brought fear while dealing with somebody you've never met. Individuals create false identities for different reasons. One of the reasons is that they do not want to be identified by people who might take advantage of them. The other reason is that they may have an intention of committing an offense and not get recognized. There are very many challenges that are related to psychology concerning children. There are very many benefits the children can gain from technology. Technology can educate, entertain and help them in their social life. However, there are no controls in regards to the usage of technology (Haugland Wright, 2017). The children do not balance between technology, social life, and academics. In this case, there is a need to ban the use of technology by the student to help them concentrate in school. However, the children should be allowed to interact with technology for a maximum of 2 hours a day. Allowing them will help them learn more about technology. Information is essential to any organization and should get protected from falling under wrong harms ways. There are a lot of human factors that lead to breaches of data such are a loss of a key, weak passwords, unnoticed malware attack amongst others. The organizations should come up with strict policies that are geared toward protecting information breach (Aplin Gurry, pp.88). There should be substantial penalties enforced against individuals who cause information breach. Lastly, the organization should train the people interacting with the system to on the ways of protecting organizational information. I agree with Professor Robert Winston that people should get restricted their privacy for the public interest. Often, people look at a celebrity as their role models. In this case, if somebody posts without regulation and for some reasons posts a vague message, somebody who emulates him might have a wrong opinion on a specific ideology (Regan, pp.17). It is also important to note that people can use what a celebrity has posted to justify wrongdoing. In this case, there should be a restriction on privacy. Reference Regan, P. M. (2015). Legislating Privacy: Technology, social values, and public policy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, management.17 Langdon, Patrick, Ioannis Politis, Mike Bradley, Lee Skrypchuk, Alex Mouzakitis, and John Clarkson. 2018. "Obtaining Design Requirements from the Public Understanding of Driverless Technology." 21, 134-135 Howard, P. N., Jones, S. (2004). Society online: The Internet in context. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, pp.23-45 Haugland, S. W., Wright, J. L. (2017).Young children and technology: A world of discovery. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Aplin, T. F., Gurry, F. (2012).Gurry on breach of confidence: The protection of confidential information. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.88. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-5340286886769505152019-12-04T12:17:00.001-08:002019-12-04T12:17:04.179-08:00Disability and Inclusive Education in Singapore- Myassignmenthelp Question: Identify and describe an emerging social issue that concerns social workers in Singapore today. Answer: Introduction Singapore is known for its dual system of education and promotion of inclusive schools. The country has made a mark for itself in the domain of inclusive education for disabled children, however as envisaged by the social workers, there are disturbing attitude that continue to dominate Singapore. In Singapore there is a considerable population of students with disability who study in mainstream schools but the wider attitude of the people speaks of their apathy towards the disabled community. The aim of the paper is to examine disability and inclusive education as a key issue on the context of Singapore society, the ways the issue have evolved over the years and identification of gaps in the policies and schemes of the government. In addition, the paper also examines the policies of UK and EU in regard to inclusive education for the disabled people and proposes recommendations for the improvement in the current policies. According to Humphrey Symes (2013), Singapore has fared moderately better in its treatment of the children with disabilities. During the period of 1980s and the 1990s, families preferred to keep their disabled children within the confines of the private sphere. This may be attributed to the stigmatization of people with disability and the lack of coping mechanisms to deal with the situation. There is a segregation between the disabled people in Singapore and the Singaporeans (Poon,, Musti-Ra Wettasinghe, 2013). Surveys have shown that people in Singapore feel uncomfortable whilst interacting with the disabled people, thus alienating them (Loreman, Sharma Forlin, 2013). According to the Lien Foundation, only two third of the total population in Singapore are interested in inclusiveness and voluntarily share the public space with the disabled. Even parents are uncomfortable about letting their children interact with their disabled peers. According to the findings of the National Cou ncil of Social Service (NCSS) 62 per cent of the disabled people felt excluded and are not provided with opportunities Issue has evolved in the last few years The government of Singapore has made robust efforts to transform the lives of the disabled children and promote inclusion; the undercurrent of Singapore narrates a story of pessimism. There needs to be a change in the attitude of the people rather than mere financial support. It is found that 5 to 6 per cent of the children born in Singapore suffer from some kind of developmental problem. 2.7 per cent of the students in Singapore show symptoms of requiring special education and mainstream school being not a suitable option (TAN, 2016). It is predicted that the number of disabled children in Singapore are expected to rise higher. It is predicted that more children will be diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. Identification and discussion of gaps in social services provision In Singapore 75 per cent of the children with special needs are studying in the mainstream school (Boyle, Topping Jindal-Snape, 2013). Children with special needs are labelled as stupid. On the surface level, Singapore appears as a country that is pro-disability and the government has made considerable efforts. However, there are certain shortcomings that the government needs to improve. It is reported that individual experiences vary and not in line with the vision of the government. The initiative of satellite partnership may expose children to the 25 per cent of the student population who have more challenging needs but it has been criticized for lacking in depth and number (Florian, 2013). The Strait Times have reported that very few schools in Singapore have courses and modules that create awareness about disability. The schools do not provide meaningful opportunities to the students to engage with children who have special needs. A major recommendation would be the early integration of children with disability with those who are able-bodied (Thaver, Lim Liau, 2014). The executive director of Disabled Peoples Association, Marissa Lee Medjreral-Mills is of the opinion that not growing up and socializing with children with disability will create awareness among the able-bodied children. It will make them familiar about the ordeals and experiences of the disabled people and will make them more sensitive. According to Poon-McBrayer Wong, (2013), in case of workplace, employers who did not have experience with disabled children during their growing period are less likely to recruit disabled candidates for any job. On encountering disabled people first time in the workplace can turn out to be an alienating experience. Adults will find it difficult to communicate in the right manner with people with disability. Able-bodied children should be taught in their formative years the values of mutual respect towards their disabled counterparts. Therefore, both the agencies of school as well as parents need to guide children in a proper way. Examples of social policies/schemes implemented in welfare states, like UK and other European countries and criticism of the current social services in Singapore Disability is considered to be within the ambit of European Union (EU) and this also pertains to education which can be especially manifested in the case of inclusive education. The European Union is in charge encourages its Member States to promote policies and schemes through supplementing and supporting the action of their action whenever it would be necessary. According to Oliver, (2013) the EU has adopted certain pertinent policies in the direction of inclusive education. The EU supports the member states to foster the full integration of disabled children and the young people with special needs through appropriate education and proper training. The European Union has come up with the Disability Strategy 2010-2020. This is an important drive in promoting the principles of lifelong learning among people and inclusive education. The Strategy comprises of a series of strategies that schools need to adopt in their general education system to catalyse education and promote effective individualized support (Oliver, 2017). This was provisioned with the aim of enhancing the academic development and social development that would be in consonance with the broader objective of inclusion. The EU has the Youth and Move Initiative the objective of which is to foster the exchange the exchange of good practises on the issues of dissemination of materials and inclusive education. The larger initiative of the programme is to minimize the drop-out rate and enhance the chance of participation in the sectors of tertiary education. These policies provided an impetus to inclusive education and job placement schemes for people who have disabilities. In USA, it was reported that 17. 5 per cent of people with disability have been employed (Schoolchildren's attitude towards those with special needs worrying, 2018). In case of EU the rate of employment is 47. 3 per cent. In case of Singapore as of now only 270 people with disability have been employed. According to Zhuang, (2016), fr om the perspective of social model of disability, there are certain limits that are posed on the lives of children with disability. One such illustration is the state control on the providers who provide their service in terms of subsidized services for the disabled people. Secondly, it is only the social service and medical professions that remain the arenas of accessing compatible services for the disabled people (Zhuang, 2016). Propose ways that could manage the gaps and address the social issue better. Instead of an approach that concerns with providing financial aid to the victim, there should be government initiatives to sensitize the public and raise awareness. This can be done through public education. Usually pity and sympathy hover in the interaction between the disabled child and the able-bodied person. There is a need for empathetic understanding of the children with disability. According to TAN (2018), the Government has decided to spend 400 Singapore dollar for people with disabilities. The objective of this program is to focus on expansion of the jobs and adequate training of the children enrolled in special schools. There should be the implementation of the Enabling Village that would provide a space to the disabled children to attend adequate training and orientation to enter the job market. It has been found that SG Enable has played an important role in training the beneficiaries and preparing them for employment. There is a need to raise awareness about disability t hrough public education. Skits, street plays, distribution of pamphlets, documentary shown to children in school and advertisements that focus on the lifeworld of the disabled children should be the agenda of the contemporary social workers. Conclusion From the above findings it can be concluded that Singapore is definitely one of the frontrunners in the segment of disability and inclusive education, however, the country needs to amend on certain areas. The general attitude towards disability reeks of apathy and insensitivity. Children with disability needs to be treated as equals. Able-bodied children needs to socialize more with the disabled children to understand their problems and reflect on their behaviour. Awareness towards the plight of disabled students can be done through the adoption of creative methods like showing documentaries and street plays that entrenches the cause of inclusive education. References Boyle, C., Topping, K., Jindal-Snape, D. (2013). Teachers attitudes towards inclusion in high schools.Teachers and Teaching,19(5), 527-542. Florian, L. (Ed.). (2013).The SAGE handbook of special education: Two volume set. Sage. Humphrey, N., Symes, W. (2013). Inclusive education for pupils with autistic spectrum disorders in secondary mainstream schools: teacher attitudes, experience and knowledge.International Journal of Inclusive Education,17(1), 32-46. Loreman, T., Sharma, U., Forlin, C. (2013). Do pre-service teachers feel ready to teach in inclusive classrooms? A four country study of teaching self-efficacy.Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online),38(1), 27. Oliver, M. (2013). The social model of disability: Thirty years on.Disability society,28(7), 1024-1026. Oliver, M. (2017). Defining impairment and disability.Disability and Equality Law, 3. Poon, K., Musti-Ra, S., Wettasinghe, M. (2013). Special education in Singapore: History, trends, and future directions.Intervention in School and Clinic,49(1), 59-64. Poon-McBrayer, K. F., Wong, P. M. (2013). Inclusive education services for children and youth with disabilities: Values, roles and challenges of school leaders.Children and Youth Services Review,35(9), 1520-1525. Schoolchildren's attitude towards those with special needs worrying. (2018).The Straits Times. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/schoolchildrens-attitude-towards-those-with-special-needs-worrying TAN, T. (2018).The hard - and heart - part of inclusiveness for the disabled.The Straits Times. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/the-hard-and-heart-part-of-inclusivenes-for-the-disabled Thaver, T., Lim, L., Liau, A. (2014). Teacher variables as predictors of Singaporean pre-service teachers attitudes toward inclusive education.Published by International Association of Social Science Research,1(1), 1-8. Zhuang, K. (2016). Inclusion in Singapore: a social model analysis of disability policy.Disability Society,31(5), 622-640. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-38032496588038105562019-11-28T02:49:00.001-08:002019-11-28T02:49:02.768-08:00Mansukh Securities and Finance Ltd. Essay ExampleMansukh Securities and Finance Ltd. Essay Company Profile.. We are Investment and Trading Solutions Provider. This has been our core business since more than two decades. Our group was founded in 1988 by Mr. J. U. Mansukhani an Ex. IES officer and U. N. O. advisor with decades of experience in capital markets. We are a Corporate Member of NSE ,BSE, NCDEX MCX and Depository Participant with NSDL and CDSL. Team Mansukh consists of qualified Professionals like M. B. As, C. As,Hardware and Software Engineers who tread the path of customer delight. Thus we are a Classic Mix of Youth and experience. We cater to the Investment and Trading needs of Retail Clients, HNIs, Corporates and Business Partners etc. You can choose your pick from the various Investment and Trading solutions customized to suit your needs. We have offices at more than 200 cities in India and a huge network of VSATs, Leased lines and modems. We use extended C-Band technology of HCL, arguably one of the best providers of VSAT Technology. We offer Equity Trading, Derivative Trading, Depositary services, Internet trading, PMS etc.. For more details about the company visità www. moneysukh. comà . We are a Delhi based company and currently we are opening up with a new arbitrage setup at our ahmedabad branch. So the current profile is for ahmedabad branch. Profile:-à Doing System Arbitrage in two different markets applyingà arbitrage strategies. (Profile would be related to hardcore finance) Designation:-à Derivative Analyst We will write a custom essay sample on Mansukh Securities and Finance Ltd. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mansukh Securities and Finance Ltd. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mansukh Securities and Finance Ltd. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Package: à à à 2 Lakh (CTC) per annum (Rs. 15,050/- per month in hand Rs. 19,400/- as performance bonus at the end of one year) There would be monthly incentive depending on the performance after the probation period of 6 months. This incentive part is not included in the current CTC. Selection Procedure:-à 1- Online Test 2- Case Study 3- Interview Joining: Immediate Selected Candidates have to sign three years bondà since its a hardcore finance job requires lots of training. Current package would be for one year Annual appraisal will take place based on the performance of the employee. Interested candidates should send their CV at [emailprotected] com Corporate Office: Mansukh Securities Finance Limited Mansukh House, Opp. Mother Dairy, Pandav Nagar, Delhi-92 Ph. No-011-30211888/887Mob:-9312459293 Ahmedabad Office: Part A B, 7th Floor, Trade Centre Stadium Circle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad ââ¬â 380009. Regards, Shirish Shah System Trading Head ââ¬â Ahmedabad Mob: 09958419110 Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-37845479545759713522019-11-24T10:23:00.001-08:002019-11-24T10:23:04.409-08:00Strategy and Strategic ManagementStrategy and Strategic Management Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategy and Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Twelve Olympians by Monsiau, circa late 18th century Introduction There is no unanimity among scholars and practitioners on the meaning of strategy. Texts on the subject discuss strategy from different and sometimes contradictory perspectives. The only issue, over which there is little debate, is the origin of the term strategy. ââ¬Å"In its original sense, strategy (from the Greek word, Strategos) is a military term used to describe the art of the general (Harvard Business School, 2005, p. xi). This art is about plans for troop deployment in battles to win wars. Many writers acknowledge that the concept of strategy has military origins, with Sun Tzuââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Art of Warâ⬠being one the oldest treatise on strategy. Businesspersons seem to enjoy using military analogies to conceptualize the running of bu sinesses in the modern world. Indeed, the pressure of keeping a business afloat amidst a very volatile operating environment that the world has become can feel like war. It is the goal of this paper to seek to uncover the essential components of strategy and the process of formulating a coherent organizational strategy in the context of the built environment. Amid the differences that exist as to what strategy is, it seems more beneficial to embrace a wide-angled view of since each of the viewpoints has merit and contributes to the overall understanding of the concept. It is the approach that Mark, (2004, p. 11) advocates for in the context of business when he states, ââ¬Å"One of the greatest benefits of a comprehensive approach to strategy is the surfacing and exploitation of multiple sources of attractive growthâ⬠. However, this growth should give due considerations the internal resources availability for now and for the future.Advertising Looking for essay on busin ess economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Essential Components of Strategy The first essential component of strategy is action. The Harvard Business School (2005) states, ââ¬Å"Strategy is about doing the right thingsâ⬠(p. xi). Actions reveal an organizations strategy. A deliberate strategy informs its actions. However, actions not based on a defined strategy still qualify for consideration as part of organizational strategy. Secondly, strategy refers to a plan. Henderson (1991) states, ââ¬Å"Strategy is a deliberate search for a plan of action that will develop a businessââ¬â¢s competitive advantage and compound itâ⬠(p. 5). This plan informs the actions undertaken when the strategy is deliberate. Henderson (1991) assumes that all strategy must be formally planned. In the context of strategy, it is not the formalization of a plan but the deliberate choices a business puts in place that counts. Another view forwarded by the Harvard Business School (2005) about strategy is that it is a resource control and utilization plan meant to protect the central interests of an organization. These resources include finances, physical infrastructure, and human resource. This view accomodates the lack of a deliberate centralized conventional business strategy made through a formal process. It simply refers to the arrangement of those resources in a sensible manner towards certain ends. Competitive advantage is the motive behind strategy. Robert (2005) succinctly states, ââ¬Å"Strategy is about winningâ⬠(p. 4). This view is supported by Porter (1991) who states, ââ¬Å"the essense of strategy formulation is coping with competitionâ⬠(p. 11). The idea expressed reveals the intentional use of a plan to out-perform business rivals using unique traits of the organization in order to survive, and hopefully thrive. In this case, strategy answers the need to be the best among competitors. T he fifth essential component of strategy revealed by Robert (2005) is organizational identity. He states, ââ¬Å"At the most basic level, strategy making extends beyond questions of resource deployment and market positioning to address fundamental questions such as: what is our business? What are we trying to achieve? What is our identity as an organization?â⬠(Robert, 2005, p. xi). This approach requires the organization to understand itself first before venturing out into the market with a clear direction. Wall (2004) agrees with this approach showing that strategy provides an organization with a ââ¬Å"coherent sense of directionâ⬠, which is yet another essential component of strategy (p. 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategy and Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This coherence makes it possible for all members of the organization to act in a coordinated fashion, which is esse ntial for the success of a business. This holds true for small firms as well as large corporations. The final essential component of strategy is context. Successful strategy is very contextual. ââ¬Å"As soon as we move beyond general notions to more precise definition, then these depend upon the type of arena within which strategy is being deployedâ⬠(Robert, 2005, p. 7). This element accounts for the disparities in the views on strategy since some of the viewpoints are highly contextalized. Increasingly, in this era of multinationals and globalization, context is more difficult to delineate especially geographically, yet to ignore context when developing strategy is to court disaster. Towards a Unified View of Strategy Based on the viewpoints above, Mark (2004) seems to have developed the most comprehensive definition of strategy. He states, ââ¬Å"Strategy is about raising and allocating resources, setting priorities, directing organizations, and demonstrating through decisi ve behaviour what will be done ââ¬â and what will not ââ¬â in the pursuit of a larger vision, goal, mission, or high level set of objectivesâ⬠(Mark, 2004. p. xv). His definition is broad enough to capture most of the essential elements of strategy thereby avoiding the problem of high contextualization. It is also wide enough to cover the specifics of strategy that are valid in the strategic management of all organizations. This makes it useful in understanding the concept of strategy. Its other strength is that it leaves room for looking at strategy as either deliberate or consequential. The elements defined here do not require a centralized approach to strategy development but even if it is there, it does not disqualify it. Its major weakness is its lack of enviromental cognisance. It does not account for environmental factors that greatly influence the preparation and execution of strategy. This goes to demonstrate that the process of developing a unfied view of stra tegy is a work in progress, and still requires effort to sysnthesize the essential elements into a comprehensive definition of strategy. This preferred view must include the nine essential componenents identified above and in addition it must allow for both the deliberate and consequential nature of strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A definition that meets the above criteria will still be somewhat incomplete since there is still the problem of universality versus contextualization. The following is an attempt to redefine strategy to meet this criteria presenting a wider understanding of the concept. Strategy is a set of actions, planned or otherwise that influence resource acquisition and allocation, deployed for the express purpose of attaining competitive advantage based on a clear organizational identity expressed in terms of its place, power, problems and potential, which informs its direction and actions within its environmental context. This definition captures all the essential elements identified but its rather cumbersome. It is long and may not appeal to the wider audience who actually need a concise definition to capture the essence of strategy. Probably, the sensible thing to do is to settle for a simplified global definition, while providing working definitions for each field, as writers have alread y done. The Strategy Process As expected, there is no universality in the recommendation of an ideal process for strategy development. There are different views on it. ââ¬Å"Henry Mintzberg and his colleagues at McGill Unversity distinguish intended, realized and emergent strategiesâ⬠. (Robert, 2005, p. 14). Intended strategy is the one the organization deliberately plans and positions itself to implement. Emergent strategy is the one which developes unwittingly as an organization responds to evolving issues. When these two strategies interact, the result is the realized strategy which is the strategy the organization finds itself implementing. These three strategies are the result of three concurrent processes and they demonstrate the organic nature of strategy. Strategy therefore is not a static process but a dynamic one that evolves and requires regular refitting. There is much concurrence though when looking at strategy as a process. In fact, there is a deliberate encourag ement that organizations should take an active role in the developement of their strategy, other than waiting for one to emerge as they undertake their daily business. The Harvard Business School (2005) states, ââ¬Å"strategy creation and its implementation should be approached as a processâ⬠(p. xvi). The school proposes a five level process for strategy development that is useful in understanding the strategy process. The steps in the process are developement of a mission, followed by identification of organizational goals. Thirdly, there is the actual strategy development succeeded by the strategy implementation process. The final level is performance measurement. The first level of strategy development is mission. ââ¬Å"Strategy creation follows from the mission of the company, which defines its purpose and what it aims to do for customers and other stakeholdersâ⬠(Harvard Business School, 2005, p. xvi). Mark (2004) underscores the importance of mission when he says that the identification and action upon a particular set of issues determines the success of a business. When the organization is clear about its priorities, then it can sucessfully engage in determining what is essential to its operations for success. The mission sets the rules governing its key relationships and functions. The next level is the identification of goals. ââ¬Å"Strategy creation typically begins with extensive research and analysis and a process through which senior management zeros in on the top priority issues that the company needs to tackle to be sucessful inn the long termâ⬠(Harvard Business School, 2005, p. xvii). There is a difference in opinion as to the direction of flow of the process, and whether it is the top management that is best placed to set organizational goals. They have the tools and the authority but they lack in understanding of frontline issues that are key in implementation. Frontline staff on the other hand have clear views on what is not working for them but they lack the organizational overview. Probably, a middle line where the management gets input from the frontline is the best way around this challenge. Once the goals are set, strategy creation takes place. It involves determining the internal and external forces followed by the identification of the choices that the organization has to achieve its objectives. Many tools are used to examine the organizationââ¬â¢s capacity to settle on a particular organizational strategy after an environmantal scan. While The Havard Busienss School advocates for SWOT as a method of conducting an enviromental scan, Robert (2005) feels that this approach is difficult to implement in practice and he advocates for a two way analysis of the environment, looking at internal and external factors. He contends that its not the four way classification but the ââ¬Å"rigor and depthâ⬠in the analysis of these factors that counts (Robert, 2005). Another popular tool worth menti oning used to conduct an evironmental scan is the Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Analysis. This tool is useful when the organizationââ¬â¢s bottom line is the impetus driving the organizationââ¬â¢s effort in undertaking a stategic planning process. There is lesser contention on who developes organizational strategy. Many writers agree that ââ¬Å"the job of creating an organizationââ¬â¢s strategy over time falls to senior managersâ⬠(Walker, 2004. p4). The forth step in the strategy process is implementation. ââ¬Å"A strategy that is formulated without regard to its implemetation is likely to be fatally flawed.â⬠(Robert, 2005, 14). In pushing the case for more frontline involvement, Daughtry and Casselman (2009) state, ââ¬Å"Vision and strategy, critical though they are, are virtually useless without consistent execution right down to the frontlinesâ⬠(p. 1 ). This requires good communication along the ranks of the organization. They add that ââ¬Å"Strategy h as to be translated into the language and actions appropriate to each level in the organizationâ⬠(Daughtry Casselman, 2009, P.5). The final level in the strategy process is performance measurement. This lacks in organizations that do not have deliberate strategy. They do not know what to measure since they have not categorically stated what their goals are. This five-step process is more useful as a conceptual model than as an actual implementation process. Wall (2004) warns that things do not work out this neatly in the real world where forces shift suddenly and without warning. Perhaps it is best to look at strategy development as ââ¬Å"an iterative process that begins with a recognition of where you are and what you have nowâ⬠(Henderson, 1991, p. 6). New information and circumstances feed into the old circumstances forcing us to change and adapt our methods. The role of strategic management is to ensure that the changes in the environment do not adversely affect the organizationââ¬â¢s long term view, but that the organization prepares in advance to take advantage of these changes. Application of Strategy-Strategic Fit and Strategic Foresight Just like other organizations, construction companies exists within a certain environment defined broadly by the natural environment, demographic structures, social structures, legislative processes, technology, and economy. This environment has an immediate impact on their interestââ¬â¢s interests and influences everyday decisions. In addition, they have their own unique internal environments defined by organizational culture, resources outlay such as level capitalisation and expertise, and business processes defining how they find and execute construction contracts. The internal environment influences the realization of their aspirations and the momentum they sustain towards their realization. Certain other forces much larger in dimension constitute the business climate of companies in the built en vironment. These include the macroeconomic trends, political issues, and global trends. Montgomery and Porter (1991) observe, ââ¬Å"Increasingly, both business units and corporations must compete globallyâ⬠(p. xv). Dalic (2007) calls it ââ¬Å"the convergence of culturesâ⬠(p. 4). The climate has long-term impacts on the industry though it may be a while before a particular company begins to feel the impact of climatic changes. They are a very strong motivation behind the strategy process. Before a construction company develops its strategy, it is beneficial and maybe crucial for it to determine what its environment looks like. This allows it to forecast the impact of its present actions thereby providing it with the range of presently available options and the limits within which it can operate profitably. The application of strategy and the strategy process allows an organization to determine two important contexts in strategic planning and strategic management. These are strategic fit and strategic foresight. Strategic Fit Strategic fit looks at the present. It refers to the process where an organization examines its current position to ascertain whether it is sitting squarely on its best possible footing or whether there is a mismatch, based on its objectives. In the built environment, a company looks at whether its level of staffing and financing corresponds to the available opportunities. The resulting plan from the process is a strategic plan to give the organization a better placement within its business context. Robert (2005) recognizes the need for strategic fit when he states, ââ¬Å"For a strategy to be successful, it must be consistent with the firmââ¬â¢s external environment and with the characteristics of the firmââ¬â¢s internal environment- its goals and values, resources and capabilities, and structure and systemsâ⬠(p. 14). Construction projects normally take very long from ideation to completion, and it is normal for v ery drastic changes in the business enviroment to occur within the life of the project. By seeking to attain strategic fit, a construction company ensures it takes advantage of the present opportunities which may dissapear because of environmental change. Strategic fit is the result of implementing measures concluded upon after conducting an environmental scan during the strategy process. Strategy and the strategy process may provide organizations in the built environment with the ability to determine their strategic fit to ensure that they are currently using their resources to the best effect. However, due to the dynamic environment in the present business context, for a small outfit such as small to medium enterprise construction industy, the strategy process considerations may pose challenges to them in utilizing their resources to the best outcome as it is somewhat restrictive in terms of time, cost and resource availability. Strategic Focus/Foresight On the other hand, strateg ic foresight, also known as strategic focus, refers to the preferred position of an organization usually at some point in the future. By looking at the medium and long-term opportunities, a construction company may find certain desirable positions they would prefer to occupy at that future date. Strategic foresight considers all the forces acting on the business environment within which the organization operates and seeks to determine their impact on the long-term objectives of the organization. This prepares it to take advantage of arising opportunities and prepares it to handle future challenges. ââ¬Å"One of the biggest challenges facing executive teams is lack of strategic focusâ⬠(Daughtry Casselman, 2009, p. 7). Its long-term nature makes it easy to ignore especially for small construction companies with severe resource constraints. The pressure of the present seems to make strategic foresight an unnecessary burden on already overworked executives. By drawing on strateg y and the strategy process, a construction company creates strategic focus on its executives, thereby preparing them to handle the challenges the company will face in the future. It assures the long-term survival of the company. It is tempting to look at the strategy process in terms of strategic foresight without considering the implications of strategic fit on the desired future. Organizations in the built environment need to know that strategic foresight without strategic fit results in ââ¬Å"a plan for the future without a plan for the presentâ⬠(Wall, 2004, p. 13). On the other hand, strategic fit without strategic focus gurantees the present at the expense of the future. Hence, the outcome should be a balanced strategy where there should be a constant review of the corporate strategy and its implication on present and future resources, and the competitive advantage in the market place. Reference List Bacharach, S.B. (1989) Organizational Theories: Dome Criteria for Evalu ation. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 496-515 Bourgeois III, L.T. (1984) Strategic Management and Determinism. The Academy of Management Review, 9(4), 586-596 Dalic, T. (2007) Globalization of Marketing Strategies in Light of Segmentation and Cultural Diversity. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Daughtry, T.C. and Casselman, G.L., (2009) Executing Strategy: From Boardroom to Frontline. Herndon, VI: Capital Books. Harvard Business School (2005) Strategy: Create and Implement the Best Strategy for Your Business. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press. Henderson, B.D.(1991) Developing Strategy in C.A. Montgomery M.E. Porter, eds. Strategy: Seeking and Securing Competitive Advantage. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing Division. Li. Y and Peng, M.W. (2008) Developing theory from strategic management research in China, Asia Pacific Journal Manage, 25(3), 563-572. Mark, D. (2004) Strategy: A Step by Step Approach to the Developement and Presentation of World Class Business Strat egy. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Poppo, L. and Zenger T. (1998) Testing Alternative Theories of the Firm: Transaction Cost, Knowledge-Based, and Measurement Explanations for Make-or-Buy Decision in Information Services, Strategic Management Journal, 19, 853-887 Robert, M.G. (2005) Contemporary Strategy Analysis. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Smircich, L. and Stubbart C. (1985), Strategic Management in an Enacted World, The academy of Management Review, 10(4), 724-736. Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997) Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533. Toffek, M.W. (2004) Strategic Management of Product Recovery, California Management Review, 46(2), 1-22 Venkatram, N. and Cumillus, J.C. (1984) Exploring the Concept of ââ¬Å"Fitâ⬠in Strategic Management, The Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 513-525 Walker, G. (2004) Modern Competitive Strategy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Wall, S.J. (2004) On the Fly: Executing S trategy in a Changing World. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. D31BM ââ¬â Business Management for Built Environment Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-3805686851847893052019-11-21T07:10:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:10:06.899-08:00Why the Managing Ethics and Social Responsibility Issue Is Relevant to EssayWhy the Managing Ethics and Social Responsibility Issue Is Relevant to the BP (British Petroleum) - Essay Example Ethics are used for setting the limits in regard to the operations of MNCs in countries worldwide. In its common sense, the term ethics is used for referring to ââ¬Ëa code or set of principles by which people liveââ¬â¢ (Popkin and Stroll 1993, p.1). However, the monitoring of the alignment of organizational decisions with ethics is a difficult task; in fact, it has been proved that most decisions of MNCs may violate ethics, at least at regional level. According to Beer (2010) the decisions of organizations operating in the context of the international market are likely to oppose, more or less, to ethics. Current paper reviews the performance of a well-known multinational corporation, British Petroleum (BP), in regard to ethics. According to the companyââ¬â¢s reports, as presented below, the firm highly emphasizes on social responsibility and ethics in regard to all its activities. However, in practice the above argument is not verified. In fact, it is proved that the organiz ation has repeatedly failed in responding to its social responsibilities, causing severe damages on its employees and people living in the areas surrounding its sites; besides, the environmental effects of the firmââ¬â¢s activities cannot be ignored. It is clear that the firm needs to update its operations globally promoting ethics and social responsibility. ... practices with ethics and social responsibility, can be identified by referring to the firmââ¬â¢s existing policies for promoting social responsibility and ethics. At the next level, events proving the violation by the company of ethics will be presented and evaluated using appropriate literature. BP operates in an industry the effects of which on the environment can be significant. For this reason, and under the influence of the accident in Mexico in 2010, the firm has tried to introduce a series of initiatives for improving its relationship with its stakeholders. Daft and Marcic (2008) explain that the organization emphasizes on the continuous increase of its performance in regard to environmental responsibility. Lord John Browne, the Groupââ¬â¢s Chief Executive, monitors the performance of the organization in regard to the specific sector (Daft and Marcic 2008, p.149). Browne notes that the increase of the needs in oil and gas annually has led to the increase of environmenta l risks, an issue that it is difficult to be managed effectively, due to the lack of control over the global needs in oil and gas (Daft and Marcic 2008, p.149). Moreover, the firm has introduced ââ¬Ëan emissions trading systemââ¬â¢ (Daft 2007, p.761), in order to improve its performance in locating resources without set environment in risk (Daft 2007, p.761). In addition, the firm has established an Educational Service, which promotes educational schemes for informing students and teachers on the effects of industrial operations on climate change, and the impact of the latter on human life (Ferrell and Hartline 2010, p.556). In 2005 the firm developed its Code of Conduct aiming to show to its stakeholders its efforts in promoting ethics and social responsibility (Ferrell and Hartline 2010, p.556). The Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-71359292871085980002019-11-20T08:30:00.001-08:002019-11-20T08:30:08.850-08:00Why is Reality TV so Popular Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsWhy is Reality TV so Popular - Research Paper Example The appeal of reality TV has been evident to all people who have watched the shows. Several others have become tired of listening and watching recycled jokes and sitcoms and drama shows. Reality TV shows have been able to create new dimensions in the entertainment industry which have given life to the culture of TV watching. They have yielded a premise that plays out in unpredictable ways. They have been able to appeal to people because there has been an easy way to relate the audience to the one who is shown on the shows. The elements of real life and reality of the actions that are performed in the shows have been the main eye-catching events in the shows. Reality TV shows have been gaining popularity day by day and therefore many people have expressed their desire to have more and more shows. Many have been dreaming of going and participial in the shows and reap the benefit in monetary and fame that comes with actual participation in the shows. The benefit including money, home, and fame or new faces have been the main attraction for the desire by many people who wants to participate in the reality TV shows. Each day when you turn on the TV you are likely to see a reality TV shows on all the channels that you tune to. This shows that these shows have become the recent attractions in the entertainment world. But why have they become so much famous for a short period of time since the first reality TV show was aired in 2000? There are several reasons that can be attributed to the increased fame of the shows. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-40030670458568212272019-11-17T23:22:00.001-08:002019-11-17T23:22:03.068-08:00Facial landmarking (mapping) on the FBI facial catalogue Literature reviewFacial landmarking (mapping) on the FBI facial catalogue - Literature review Example Owing to the sub rosa nature of criminal activity, such measurements are often inaccurate, but indicative nonetheless. There are several sources used to gauge crime rate in a country, the first being the official crime statistics drawn from criminal records compiled by the police and law enforcement agencies. However, unlike health, employment and housing, police records are not exactly comprehensive and complete, as some offenses, especially victims under threat and experiencing humiliation (i.e. rape and abuse), are not reported. Thus, governments like that of the United States institute public surveys throughout the different states, along with collating hospital and insurance records to fill the gaps that official police records are afflicted by. Having both economic and social welfare in mind, international organizations like the United Nations (UN) and the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) gather and compile crime statistics from different countries to publi sh worldwide crime indices. One such index was created by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2009) which features a statistical compilation of various violent crimes that occurred from 2003 to 2008, classified according to the continent and country where they occurred. According to the index, there has been a steady decline of at least 5 ââ¬â 10% in violent crimes that occurred in the European regions, specifically those involving crimes against property. This decreasing trend in the crime rate can be explained by the widespread installation of surveillance cameras that occurred at the turn of the millennia. Today, surveillance cameras are set up in main throughways, business establishments as well as in households, waiting to record the criminal activities of unsuspecting wrongdoers and help bring them to justice. Facial Recognition Where available, surveillance cameras are invaluable to the police and law enforcement agencies as the video record narrows down their s uspect list to persons that closely resemble the perpetrator caught on camera. According to Enciso et al. (n.d), however, matching the 3D image of a person to 2D photographs in a database presents several problems because it involves the processes of visualization and analysis. The procedure is therefore prone to asymmetries and deviations from the norm. Additionally certain video surveillance equipment have poor contrast and resolution or they are mounted at an angle that distorts the face of the criminal. Adding insult to injury, criminals have learned to wear masks to hide their faces. All these hinder precise identification. The following sections discuss the methods, current and previous, used to identify criminals in 2D photograph databases as well as the technology required to automate 3D facial recognition. Identification Methods Anthropometry is the field of science that defines the physical measurements of a person (i.e. size, form, stature) for the purpose of studying hum an physical and functional variations. According to De Angelis et al. (2008), the identification of the living began in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Discovered in 1883 by Alphonse Bertillon and accordingly termed ââ¬Å"Bertillonageâ⬠, anthropometric identification was based on the unchanging measurements and characteristics of human body parts. This scientific field therefore worked on the premise that if a database of measurements of specific parts of every individual was recorded, it would Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5717578460789080179.post-42246494931935241402019-11-15T11:53:00.001-08:002019-11-15T11:53:03.933-08:00History Of Taj Hotel Tourism EssayHistory Of Taj Hotel Tourism Essay The Company was incorporated in 1902 and it opened its first hotel, The Taj Mahal Palace Tower, Mumbai, in 1903. The Company then undertook major expansion of The Taj Mahal Palace Tower, Mumbai by constructing an adjacent tower block and increasing the number of rooms from 225 to 565 rooms. From the 1970s to the present day, the Taj Group has played an important role in launching several of Indias key tourist destinations, working in close association with the Indian Government. The Taj Group has a philosophy of service excellence which entails providing consistently high levels of personalized service and innovative means of improving service quality. The Taj Group has been active in converting former royal palaces in India into world class luxury hotels such as the Taj Lake Palace in Udaipur, the Rambagh Palace in Jaipur and Umaid Bhawan Palace in Jodhpur. In 1974, the Taj Group opened Indias first international five star deluxe beach resort, the Fort Aguada Beach Resort in Goa. In 1980, the Taj Group took its first step internationally by opening its first hotel outside India In 1984, the Taj Group acquired under a license agreement each of The Taj West End, Bangalore. During the 1990s, the Taj Group continued to expand its geographic and market coverage in India. In 2000, the launch of the 56 acre Taj Exotica, Goa and the Taj Hari Mahal in Jodhpur were completed. In 2003, the Company celebrated the centenary of the opening of its Flagship hotel, the Taj Mahal Palace Tower, Mumbai. In 2005 the Company acquired on lease The Pierre, a renowned hotel in New York City, to enter the luxury end of the developed hotel markets internationally . Introduction Of Taj Hotel The Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) and its subsidiaries are collectively known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces and is recognised as one of Asias largest and finest hotel company. Incorporated by the founder of the Tata Group, Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata, the company opened its first property, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Bombay in 1903. The Taj, a symbol of Indian hospitality, completed its centenary year in 2003. Taj Hotels Resort and Palaces comprises more than 60 hotels in 45 locations across India with an additional 15 international hotels in the Malaysia, United Kingdom, United States of America, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa, the Middle East and Australia. Spanning the length and breadth of the country, gracing important industrial towns and cities, beaches, hill stations, historical and pilgrim centres and wildlife destinations, each Taj hotel offers the luxury of service, the apogee of Indian hospitality, vantage locations, modern amenities and business facilities. Service Segmentation By Taj Hotel IHCL operate in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value segments of the market through the following: Taj (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces) is our flagship brand for the worlds most discerning travelers seeking authentic experiences given that luxury is a way of life to which they are accustomed. Spanning world-renowned landmarks, modern business hotels, idyllic beach resorts, authentic Rajput palaces and rustic safari lodges, each Taj hotel reinterprets the tradition of hospitality in a refreshingly modern way to create unique experiences and lifelong memories. Taj also encompasses a unique set of iconic properties rooted in history and tradition that deliver truly unforgettable experiences Taj Exotica is our resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world. The properties are defined by the privacy and intimacy they provide. The hotels are clearly differentiated by their product philosophy and service design. They are centered around high end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest unrivalled comfort and privacy. Taj Safaris are wildlife lodges that allow travelers to experience the unparalleled beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surroundings. They offer Indias first and only wildlife luxury lodge circuit. Taj Safaris provide guests with the ultimate, interpretive, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism model. Upper Upscale Hotels (full-service hotels and resorts) provide a new generation of travelers a contemporary and creative hospitality experience that matches their work-hard play-hard lifestyles. Stylish interiors, innovative cuisine, hip bars, and a focus on technology set these properties apart. The Gateway Hotel (upscale/mid-market full service hotels and resorts) is a pan-India network of hotels and resorts that offers business and leisure travelers a hotel designed, keeping the modern nomad in mind. At the Gateway Hotel, we believe in keeping things simple. This is why, our hotels are divided into 7 simple zones- Stay, Hangout, Meet, Work, Workout, Unwind and Explore. Ginger (economy hotels) is IHCLs revolutionary concept in hospitality for the value segment. Intelligently designed facilities, consistency and affordability are hallmarks of this brand targeted at travelers who value simplicity and self-service. Taj Hotels also promise a whole new experience of tranquillity and total wellness, through Jiva Spas a unique concept, which brings together the wisdom and heritage of the Asian and Indian Philosophy of Wellness and Well-being. Rooted in ancient Indian healing knowledge, Jiva Spas derive inspiration and spirit from the holistic concept of living. There is a rich basket of fresh and unique experiences under the Jiva Spa umbrella of offering, Yoga and Meditation, mastered and disseminated by accomplished practitioners, authentic Ayurveda, and unique Taj signature treatments. Royal traditions of wellness in service experiences, holistic treatments involving body therapies, enlivening and meaningful rituals and ceremonies and unique natural products blended by hand, come together to offer a truly calming experience. Taj Air, a luxury private jet operation with state-of-the-art Falcon 2000 aircrafts designed by Dassault Aviation, France; and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by guests in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala. Taj Sats Air Catering Ltd., the largest airline catering service in South Asia, as a joint venture with Singapore Airport Terminal Services, a subsidiary of Singapore Airlines. CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY As a part of Tatas; Indias premier business house; we; at Taj Hotels, have always believed in society and environment being integral stakeholders in our business along with our shareholders, customers, vendors and others. We promote corporate citizenship through our strategic public-private partnerships which encourage building livelihoods of less-advantaged youth and women. The causes we promote include reducing malnutrition, promoting indigenous artisans and craftsmen and enhancing employability of identified target groups by sharing our core competencies as a leading hospitality company. We encourage training and development of differently able youth. We at Taj have the unique scope and opportunity to develop raw potential into a skilled workforce that is immediately employable by various players in the industry. A majority of our community projects are focused around extending our key strengths in food production, kitchen management, housekeeping, customer service and spas to promote economic empowerment of candidates from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. We are fully committed to the cause of building a sustainable environment by reducing the impact of our daily operations on the environment and improving operational efficiencies, resource conservation, reuse and recycling of key resources. Vision The Taj Group of Hotels commits itself to the overall improvement of the ecological environment, which we are all a part of. We recognize that we are not owners but caretakers of the Planet and owe it to our children and future generations of humankind. It is our endeavour not only to conserve and protect but also to renew and regenerate the environment in which we live and operate.Our commitment encompasses all actions related to our products, services, associates, partners, vendors and communities.We will partner and engage with our environment through EARTH: Environmental Awareness and Renewal at Taj Hotels. For us EARTH is not a program, nor a process; it is a way of life. EARTH( Enviornment Activities) In an endeavour to reinstate its vision and efforts to boost sustainable tourism, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces presented EARTH (Environment Awareness Renewal at Taj Hotels) this year. Implementing schemes such as the Gangroti Glacier Clean-Up Expedition, as well as designated Earth rooms, which minimise environmental impact, Taj is one of Asias largest group of hotels to commit to energy conservation and environmental management. EARTH has received certification from Green Globe, the only worldwide environmental certification program for travel and tourism. The Taj began a century ago with a single landmark The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Mumbai. Today, the various Taj hotels, in all their variety and historical richness, are recognised internationally as the symbols of true Indian hospitality. The Companys history is integral to Indias emergence into the global business and leisure travel community; and looking to the future, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is well positioned to meet the increase in travel activity with the rapid expansion of the Indian economy. Taj Hotels has joined the internationally-recognised Green Globe benchmarking and certification system as an extension of its existing environmental policies. Taj Hotels has long recognised that as a leader it has an important contribution to make and a responsibility to demonstrate to others how they can be part of the fight against climate change. Corporate Governance Taj has been practicing good Corporate Governance even before Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) made it a mandatory requirement from 2001. Out of more than 5000 companies listed with the Bombay Stock Exchange the Company is categorized as an A Group Company which group comprises only 200 companies and the criteria for selection is based on Market Capitalisation, Liquidity, Industry Representation, Listed History and track record of Compliance. Being a TATA group Company, the Company goes beyond the mandatory requirements of Corporate Governance and conducts business in a fair and transparent manner. It maintains good investor relationships and endeavors to deliver to investor consistent quality services. Customer facilities Taj Hotel Exotica Resort Spa Maldives, is an exclusive, private and romantic island resort lush with tropical plants and encircled by clear blue waters of one of the largest lagoons of the Maldives. Taj Hotel Exotica Resort Spa Maldives spreads idyllically along a pristine beach and the serene lagoon. The award-winning resort, now re-launched, seamlessly extends the magic of the islands blessed natural beauty in its design even as it offers the finest contemporary luxuries and services. Taj Hotel Exotica Resort Spa Maldives offers 59 Rooms and 3 Suites. All the rooms are completely refurbished and redesigned. 90% of the accommodation is built over water and 10% is on the beach front. The rooms offer infinite views of the Indian Ocean. Taj Spa, an authentic Indian spa, offers a range of signature wellness experiences. A choice of gourmet cuisine, water sports, and recreation make for a complete and exclusive destination. Room Facilities Air Conditioned Satellite Television International Direct Dial Telephone Private Bathroom Hairdryers Mini Bar Safe Deposit Box 24 Hour Room Service Coffee/Tea Making Fac High Speed Internet Access Coffee/Tea Making Facilities Hotel Facilities Travel Desk Doctor On Call Laundry Service Concierge Desk Luggage Storage 24 Hour Front Desk Postal/Parcel Service Currency Exchange Counter Baby Sitting Service(On Request) Airport Shuttle Service(On Request) Dining Entertainment 24 Degress Equator Bar In Villa Dining The Deep End Sports Leisure Spa Water Sports Fitness Centre Billiards/Snooker Tables Meeting Facilities Business Centre SWOT Analysis Strengths:- The group has enormous power and strengths, which ma kes it the best and competitive, some of them are: It consists of 57 properties in 40 locations across India and 18 international hotels. Its stylish variety of hotels like; Taj exotica, Taj safari, The gateway hotels, Ginger hotels, Jivas spa etc. Its effective and efficient management techniques and staff. Its brand name. The presence of Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces in various countries like United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Dubai, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. Securing management contracts at Palm Island, Jumeirah in Dubai,Saraya Islands in Ras Al Khaimah, Aldar Group in Abu Dhabi, UAE Langkawi in Malaysia and Thimpu in Bhutan. The various initiatives taken like; rollout of CustomerFeedback System, Tata Business Excellence Model, IT initiatives, Ginger hotels etc. Weakness Taj hotels being such a big brand, has a lot of advantages but every big company faces some odds and so does Taj. Some of its weakness; Its hard to maintain such a huge chain of subsidiaries and there are more chances of mishaps in management. Its huge competitors like Oberoi, Leela, Oriental, ITC etc are also providing same facilities and thus it becomes a weakness for Taj hotels. Its very costly for the Indians to afford the tariffs and service charges set by Taj hotels. Thus, they loose a major part of their market share. They need a lot of investment. As Taj hotels is a popular group, it is always in the eyes of the terrorists, as taj has already faced such an incident. Therefore, it proves to be a weakness some times, to be so popular. Opportunities The Group is poised strategically to take advantage of the following situation: In the backdrop of a healthy economy having its positive fallouts on the Tourism Sector leading to rapid growth in markets in India, South Asia and key gateway cities in source-market destinations. Rapid expansion in both International and Domestic destinations, with top-of-the-line Luxury, Leisure and Business properties. Meeting growing demand in the budget and mid-market segments. Extending the product portfolio into related offerings viz. luxury residences, wildlife lodges and health spas. Threats The threats identified by the Group are related mainly to the markets in which the Group operates and general factors related to the tourism industry. Significant among these are: Cheaper international airfares, increasing affordability of travel to International destinations, especially South East Asia, Europe and Australia. Growing presence of international hospitality chains competing in the Luxury and Business segments, to meet excess demand situation. Appreciating Indian Rupee vis-à -vis the US Dollar, resulting in lower realisation on foreign exchange earnings. Slowdown of international demand resulting in reduction of revenues. Future Strategies Urban Sanctuaries Luxury Weekends from the Taj City Escapes Island Escapes Rejuvenate with Jiva Christmas and New Year breaks Some more developments in progress are: TAJ opens its 5th hotel in Bangalore Taj Coromandel presents ANISE No Room for the Ordinary advertising campaign Taj Residency Bangalore unveils Jiva Spa Heritage Nature Walk At The Taj West End, Bangalore Bhairo,The Stunning New Rooftop Restaurant At Taj Lake Palace, Udaipur Intoxicating Bhutanese Bath At Taj Tashi, Thimphu, Bhutan Two More Taj Safari Lodges Will Open In 2009 Taj Values PEOPLE DIVERSITY, INTEGRITY RESPECT PASSION FOR EXCELLENCE EXCEED EXPECTATIONS INNOVATION SENSE OF URGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY JOY AT WORK People are our greatest asset and the key to our success. We respect diversity of people, ideas, cultures and honor the value of individuals in a team. We believe in perfection to achieve excellence. We continuously improve processes to surpass global benchmarks. We succeed by exceeding expectations of all stakeholders and protecting the interest of our shareholders and playing by the rules. We encourage innovation, embrace change and support growth through knowledge and learning. We accept responsibility and deliver on promises with a sense of urgency and agility. We commit to improve the quality of life of the communities we serve and our concern for the environment by returning to society what we earn We recognize and respect each other in all interactions and set the example for our guests, business associates and colleagues. We encourage a fair environment that supports equal opportunity to attract, develop and retain the best talent and endeavor to have fun too. Taj Promises At the Taj Group, our commitment to service excellence is rooted in our two guiding principles called the Four Steps of Service and the Taj People Philosophy. One of our key priorities is to empower our people to deliver on our legacy of impeccable service. Four Steps of Service: 1. A warm and sincere welcome. Use the guest name, whenever possible. 2. Fulfill guest needs and provide anticipatory service. 3. Defect free products and services. 4. Fond farewell using the guest name, whenever possible. Taj People Philosophy The Taj People Philosophy displays our commitment to and belief in our people. We see Talent Management as the most important sustainable competitive advantage in the future. You are an important member of the Taj family. We endeavor to select, retain and compensate the best talent in the industry. We reward and recognize quality customer care based upon individual and team performance. We commit to providing you with opportunities for continuous learning and development. We abide by fair and just policies that ensure your well-being and that of your family, the community and the environment. We commit to regular and formal channels of communication, which nurture openness and transparency. We strongly believe that you are the Taj. Key Initiatives Ginger Hotels IHCL is in the process of rolling out its Smart Basics hotels, under the brand name Ginger. The first prototype has been launched in June 2004 in Bangalore, with roll out being planned in a number of cities and towns subsequently. These hotels will cater to the economy or value for moneysegment and being predominantly domestic clientele based, are far less prone to fluctuations than the luxury and upscale segments. In the long run, this segment will help in derisking the current revenue stream of the company. Brand Architecture IHCL is in the process of clearly defining the product and service standards in order to have consistency across properties under each brand. This will help in further enhancing the brand value of Taj. Product Upgradation IHCL continues to invest in renovation and relaunch of key / brand defining properties. In the last financial year IHCL upgraded rooms at the Taj Mahal Palace Tower, Mumbai and Taj West End, Bangalore The lobby and public areas of Taj Lake Palace, Udaipur and Rambagh Palace, Jaipur were also renovated to provide a luxurious sense of arrival. The Sea Lounge and Harbour Bar at Taj Mahal Palace Tower, Mumbai was relaunched, while a new Vietnamese restaurant Blue Ginger was opened in Taj West End, Bangalore The renovated products and the new outlets were very well received in the market. The renovated rooms at Taj Mahal Palace Tower, Mumbai and Taj West End, Bangalore have emerged as the price leaders in the respective cities. In the coming year IHCL intends to open a number of FB outlets by celebrity Chefs with international cuisine. In the upscale segment, the properties are being relaunched to be at par with international level upscale hotels. The rooms at Taj President, Mumbai, Ta j Residency, Bangalore, Jai Mahal Palace, Jaipur and Taj Holiday Village, Goa are being renovated and relaunched. Service Excellence In the last few years IHCL has undertaken a number of steps to significantly enhance service levels to be in line with the best in class. IHCL has constantly benchmarked itself with the key international luxury chains and strived to raise the bar. IHCLs service excellence philosophy, has at its core, delivery through our people, processes and culture. IHCL has taken a number of steps to provide highly personalized service to the discerning customer, including butler services in its luxury properties. In order to take care of the entire stay experience, IHCL has also completely revamped its Concierge services. The Centers of Excellence have been strengthened considerably to train staff to meet the exacting standards of a truly luxury hotel. Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM) will play a significant role in raising the bar of service provided. The TBEM has been rolled out in all the three hotel divisions and will be rolled out to the international properties also. Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM) In order to intensify the drive for Business Excellence, IHCL conducted Internal Assessments based on the Tata Business Excellence Model for Luxury, Leisure, Business SBUs as well as for Taj SATS Air Catering Limited. The Luxury Division has also applied for External Assessment, which is to be facilitated by Tata Quality Management Services. Based on the External Assessment (2003) feedback report and the feedback from the Internal Assessment, action plans to improve processes which finally impact the overall organizational effectiveness, have been drawn out and worked upon. Some of the key initiatives deployed across key hotels of the Taj group in the year 2003-04 are: Rollout of the Customer Feedback System The CFS was launched in November 2003 and has taken root in 30 hotels across Taj group. It is the primary and sole customer feedback system of the group. Till date, the system has clocked around 12,000 pieces of customer feedback. The feedback from all sources gets recorded and aggregated and analyzed to improve the service quality in areas of concern at each of the hotels. Feedback is not restricted to only guest difficulties (complaints) but also consists of compliments and suggestions. The feedback would ultimately be used for product planning as well. IT initiatives From a situation in 1999 where there was limited IT application, Taj group has today achieved domestic leadership in deploying IT to leverage its competencies and is rapidly approaching benchmarks set by international highly regarded chains. The first three phases of implementation of the IT strategy included putting in place the physical infrastructure across the Taj Group and getting customer relationship applications to ride on this physical infrastructure, with a view to enhancing customer services through customer information and recognition systems and better inventory management. Some of the key IT initiatives being under taken by IHCL are Orion, a comprehensive back office system, implementing Revenue Management system, Interactive TV Systems and National Call Center. Competition A Tata company shall fully strive for the establishment and support of a competitive, open market economy in India and abroad, and shall cooperate in efforts to promote the progressive and judicious liberalisation of trade and investment by a country. Specifically, a Tata company shall not engage in activities that generate or support the formation of monopolies, dominant market positions, cartels and similar unfair trade practices. A Tata company shall market its products and services on its own merits and shall not make unfair and misleading statements about competitors products and services. Any collection of competitive information shall be made only in the normal course of business and shall be obtained only through legally permitted sources and means. Direct Competitors: 1. Oberoi Hotels 2. Oriental Hotels 3. ITC Welcomgroup 4. Hotel Leela etc. Potential Target market : The upper class of the society is targeted. i.e. the richer people in the society. Their fares or tariffs are high as the luxuries provided by them are also standard and 5-star. Thus, this is in context to the Indian branches of Taj Hotels. STRATEGY: Taj group has used the Taj name for all its operations to leverage the brand equity commanded by the name Taj. Taj brand is playing an increasing role of driving revenues Taj group plans to add around 12 Hotels in the next 3 years . Taj facilitates the expansion to other segment by endorsing the sub-brands with their parents brand names. MARKETING STRATEGY A higher emphasis was placed on the business segment as the profits are higher (this market being less price-sensitive) as compared to the luxury segment. There was a proliferation of the Taj Presidency hotels not only in new cities, but also smaller towns. The action plan is more opportunities, adding to and complementing the brand. INNOVATIVE MARKETING SERVICES: STAY A BIT LONGER- If a customer book 2 nights or 3 with Taj hotels, then they surprise to customer with a complimentary nights stay at select hotels. EARLY BIRD OFFER- Say at any of Taj properties ranging from modern business hotels to idyllic beach resorts to authentic Rajput palaces, 10 days in advance and avail the Early Bird Rate to enjoy savings of 20% over our Best Available Rate (BAR). SUITE SURPRISES Book between 1-4 nights in Taj Suites and enjoy a free nights stay. Luxury at the Taj isnt only about indulgences, but advantages. Book 1, 2, 3 or 4 nights in our majestic Suites, featuring impeccable interiors and classic style, and enjoy a complimentary nights stay. TAJ SAFARIS are wildlife lodges that allow travelers to experience the unparalleled beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surroundings. They offer Indias first and only wildlife luxury lodge circuit. Taj Safaris provide guests with the ultimate, interpretive, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism model. TAJ AIR, a luxury private jet operation with state-of-the-art Falcon 2000 aircrafts designed by Dassault Aviation, France; and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by guests in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala. BUSINESS EDGE At the Taj, business is not just unconventional, but valuable. Alongside the quintessential fusion of business and pleasure, you will also enjoy unbelievable savings and benefits on our traditional hospitality and exceptional service that are sure to leave you pleasantly surprised.à Breakfast for two (single/double same rate) Hotel Credit of Rs 2000/- per stay against FB, laundry, or spa (where spa services are available) KEY SUCCESS FACTORS Technology related:-Used of advance technology in hotel premises. Manufacturing- related: High utilization of fixed assets. Quality control know-how. Serving customer according to their specification. Distribution-related: Presence of hotel chain at various places. A strong network. Marketing related: Breadth of product line and product selection. Personalized customer services. A well-known and well-respected brand name. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13569343356675556184noreply@blogger.com0